Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References - Authors - Cite us

ISSN: 2386-9666 - Last Updated: 7 February 2021

Accepted Name:

Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 129 (1895) (Beck 1930: 39, "1895"; Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, "1897"; HUH - Databases, "teil IV, abt. 3b, 1895")

Basionymum / Basionym:

≡ Phelypaea fissa C.A. Mey. in Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 104 (1831 [Nov-Dec 1831]) ["898. P. fissa mihi. P. lanuginosa..."] (Reuter 1847: 12, sub P. fissa)

Synonyms:

Homotypic synonyms:

≡ Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Grossh. in Trud. Geobot. Obsl. Pastb. S. S. R. Azerb., Baku (Trans. Geobot. Invest. Pasturelands, Azerb.) Ser. A. No. 5 (1930) (https://www.ipni.org/n/661953-1), nom. superfl.

≡ Cistanche fissa var. genuina Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 39 (1930) ["Var. α. genuina"], nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3)

≡ Orobanche salsa [var. ambigua] f. fissa (C.A. Mey.) Kuntze in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 225[-226] (1887) [Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta horti petropolitani] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.4). Herbarium Specimens: "Orobanche Salsa (C.A. Mey.) m. [Kuntze] / v. ambigua (Bge) m. [Kuntze] / v. fissa (C.A. Mey.) m. [Kuntze] / Herbarium Otto Kuntze. / 478 Turkmenien V 86 [May 1886]" (NY 00312479 - Kuntze 478 - http://sweetgum.nybg.org/images3/626/008/00312479.jpg - http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=661362 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1931094778, holotype of O. salsa var. ambigua f. fissa sensu Kuntze non C.A. Mey.). Obs. "C [Calycis] l. [lobi] v. [vetusti] inaequilongi, 1-2 majores (sp. Bge.)    f. 3 fissa O. Ktze."

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Ind. loc.: "Prope Baku [Bakı / Баку, Azerbaijan / Azərbaycan / Азәрбајҹан]" (Meyer 1831: 104); "in provinciis caucasicis (pr. Baku (C.A. Meyer)...)" (Ledebour 1849: 314; Aghababyan 2013: 135).

Syntypi / Syntypes: 1. "Phelipaea nova species? (N.º 84) / fissa mihi [C.A. Meyer] / In campis fertiliori[bus] - / bus prope Baku [Bakı / Баку] / d. 14 April mens. / 898  1830". – 2. "Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) G. Beck / Specimen Meyeri authenticum! / Calycis sinus posterior profundus, dens posterior longus, linearis, acutus / 1947.11.X.   Determ. I. Novopokrovsky." (LE s.n. - Meyer 1830 - Piwowarczyk DSC09980 [http://re.herbariumle.ru/01015395 - LE 01015395.jpg]; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, syntype of P. fissa); 1. "Phelipaea fissa / Prope Baku [Bakı / Баку] in / campis / 14 April 1830 / Enum. cauc. casp. N. 898". – 2. "Cistanche fissa C.A. Mey. / Legit C.A. Mey. / cotypus / 1947.11.X.   Determ. I. Novopokrovsky.". – 3. "Typus!" (LE s.n. - Meyer 1830 - Piwowarczyk DSC09981 [http://re.herbariumle.ru/01015396 - LE 01015396.jpg]; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, syntype of P. fissa); "Herb. Acad. Petrop. / N. 898 / Phelipaea fissa C.A. M. / Fl. Caucas. legit C.A. Meyer 1829. 1830. // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02970922 - P 02970922.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437152303; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, syntype of P. fissa). "Described from Azerbaidzhan. type in Leningrad [LE]" (Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958: 27[25]); "Typus: Prope Baku [Bakı / Баку, Azerbaijan / Azərbaycan / Азәрбајҹан], C.A. Mey., LE!" (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22).

Designated by: Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev in Flora SSSR 23: 27[25] (1958).

Host: Parasitic on small shrubs of the family Chenopodiaceae and Compositae [Artemisia sp.] (Boissier 1879: 501, sub P. fissa; Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa). Compositae [Artemisia sp.] (Saeidi Mehrvarz & Shahi Shavvon 2008: 97, sub C. fissa). The host plants need to be confirmed by further studies.

Asteraceae [Compositae]

Artemisia sp. Azerbaijan (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/53221.htm and http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/53222.html by Юрий Пирогов [Yuri Pirogov], 2010); Iran (Saeidi Mehrvarz & Shahi Shavvon 2008: 97, sub C. fissa); Turkmenistan (Bornmüller 1904: 686, loc. class. of C. Sintenisii; Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa).

Chenopodiaceae

Hammada articulata (Moq.) O. Bolòs & Vigo [= Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin; = Haloxylon scoparium Pomel]. Israel (Ben-Natan & Fragman-Sapir 2020).

Kaviria aucheri (Moq.) Akhani [≡ Noaea aucheri Moq.; ≡ Salsola aucheri (Moq.) Bunge ex Iljin]. Turkmenistan (LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09403; LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09404).

Xylosalsola richteri (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson [≡ Salsola arborescens var. richteri Moq.; ≡ Salsola richteri (Moq.) Karel ex Litv.]. Turkmenistan (Plantarium.ru/page/image/id/507377 by Александр Павленко [Alexander Pavlenko] 2017).

Comments:

Morphological observations.

Cistanche fissa: "898. P. fissa mihi . P. lanuginosa ... calycis fissi lacinia superiori (v . posteriori) lineari, inferiori (v . anteriori) spathaeformi 4 dentata, dentibus obtusis, corollae (violaceae) rectiusculae tubuloso-campanulatae lobis patentibus sub-aequalibus semiorbiculatis..." (Meyer 1831: 104). "Valde affinis P. salsa a quâ bracteâ media lanceolatâ elongatâ et calycis structurâ (an normali ?) differre videtur" (Boissier 1879: 501, sub P. fissa).

Cistanche fissa var. genuina: "Corolla alba cum limbo intense coerulea. Laciniae corollae latae, rotundo-ovales, intus et in margine parce pilosae" / Cistanche fissa var. sintenisii: "Corolla alba ... laciniae 5, suborbiculares, intus et in margine copiose lanato-villosae, extus glabrae" (Beck 1930: 40).

Related Taxon.

Cistanche sintenisii Beck [in Bornm.] in Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2(4): 686 (1904) ["Cis[t]anche (Cistanchopsis) Sintenisii G. Beck. n. sp. in Sint. exsicc. nº. 1864"] ([ex Bornm.] ipni.org/n/661969-1). Syn: ≡ Cistanche fissa var. sintenisii (Beck) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 40 (1930) (ipni.org/n/661969-1); Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 25[23]); = Cistanche fissa var. barbata Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 40 (1930), in sched. Ind. loc.: "Turkomania, in planitie prope Chodschakala [Turkmenistan]; 14. Majo 1901, leg. Sintenis, Exsicc. n. 1864!)" (Bornmüller 1904: 686). Herbarium Specimens: Types: "P. Sintenis: / Iter transcaspico-persicum 1900-1901. / N.º 1864 / Cistanche Sintenisii G. v. Beck nov. spec. / Regio transcaspica; Chodschakala [Khodzhakala / Hojagala / Khodzha-Kalay Pervyy / Khoja-Kala / Ходжа-кала, Turkmenistan]: / in steppiis arenosis, in radice Artemisiae parasit / 14.V.1901. / determ. G. v. Beck" (L 0003350 - No: 950356 754 - https://classic.europeana.eu/portal/es/record/11647/_Botany_L__0003350.html; G 00383269 - n° SIB 287297/1; http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B100264823 - B 10 0264823 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/932714476 - ED1040 (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1, sub C. aff. fissa 2) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/LT715021.1; WU 0066010 - https://wu.jacq.org/WU0066010 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=304058 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1135438951). Obs. "Corolla alba ... laciniae 5, suborbiculares, intus et in margine copiose lanato-villosae ... Ad Artemisiae cuiusdam radices" (Beck 1930: 40, sub Var. β. Sintenisii); "distinguished by the more dense pubescence of the corolla lobes..." (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958: 26[24]). This taxon could have some taxonomic value.

Taxonomic observations.

Boissier 1879: 501 placed C. fissa in his group "Tomentosae vel ciliatae" togheter with C. ambigua (Bunge) Beck [C. trivalvis (Trautv.) Korsh. (1896)!] and C. salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895).

According to Beck 1930: 40 this species belongs to the Cistanche sect. Heterocalyx Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 57 (1890) [et Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: [27,] 38 (1930)]. Syn.: = Cistanche sect. Cistanchopsis Beck in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 129 (1895). Dignosis: "während bei der zweiten Reihe (Sect. Heterocalyx) ein rückwärts tiefer eingeschnittener viertheiliger Kelch angetroffen wird, dessen vordere Lappen breit und stumpf sind, während die 2 hinteren schmäleren Zähne spitz zulaufen, ein Fall der bei keiner Orobancheart sich vorfindet" Beck (1890: 57). The species placed in this section by Beck are: C. fissa (C.A. Mey) Beck, C. ambigua (Bunge) Beck [C. trivalvis (Trautv.) Korsh. (1896)!] and C. rosea Baker ex Hook. (Beck 1930: 38-40).

Based on its phylogenetic relationships, Ataei & al. 2020 indicate that it is a member of "Southwest Asian Clade". The species placed in this Clade by Ataei & al. 2020 are: C. ambigua (Bunge) Beck [C. trivalvis (Trautv.) Korsh. (1896)!], C. deserticola Ma, C. fissa (C.A. Mey) Beck (s.l.), C. ridgewayana Aitch. & Hemsl. (s.l.), C. salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck (1895).

Chromosomatic number:

Ic.: a, Beck 1930: 39 f. 7; b, Novopokrovskij & Tzvelev 1958[2000]: 31[30] t. 3 f. 3; c, Xin, L.Y. [liu ying xin] 1992: 189 f. 73 (7-9); d, types of C. sintenisii: L 0003350 - No: 950356 754 - https://classic.europeana.eu/portal/es/record/11647/_Botany_L__0003350.html; G 00383269 - n° SIB 287297/1 - https://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?lang=en&id=292576; herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B100264823 - B 10 0264823 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/932714476; WU 0066010 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=304058 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1135438951; e, type of Orobanche salsa var. ambigua f. fissa NY 00312479 - Kuntze 478; f, sub Cistanche in Dragon Herbs (accessed Mar 2019 [hairy corolla lobes]).

Distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia [in error for C. armena], Azerbaijan, Georgia [unconfirmed], Iran, Israel and Palestinian territories, Kazakhstan [unconfirmed] and Turkmenistan.

"Armenia-Kurdistania, Iran" (Novopokrovskii & Tzvelev 1958[2000]: 24[31], sub C. fissa); "Caucasia, Armenia, Kurdistania, Persia, Turcomania, Afghania" (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa).

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Specimens examined and literature records.

Afghanistan /  افغانستان / Afġānistān / Afganistán (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa; Gilli 1979: 290, sub C. fissa; Podlech 2012: 246, sub C. fissa)

Bamyan Province: 1. Afghanistan: Bamian [Bamyan / Bamiyan], Doab, c. 15 kms. west on side road, Chenopod [Chenopodiaceae sp.] - Peganum soil. Flowers violet, white on corolla bulges, 21 May 1962, Hedge, Ian C. & Wendelbo, Per  W 3427. – 2. Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey) G. Beck, det. H. Schiman-Czeika. – 3. Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey) G. Beck, det. A. Gilli 1966 – 4. Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck, det. Najibeh Ataei March 2012. – 5. Cistanche bamianica Ataei, det. Najibeh Ataei May 2014 (E 00028886 [n.v.] - http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00028886 - https://data.rbge.org.uk/search/herbarium/?cfg=fulldetails.cfg&specimen_num=35658 - ED758 (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1, sub C. aff. fissa 1) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/LT715388.1); "Afghania: C: Bamian [Bamyan / Bamiyan]: 15 km W Doab [Do Ab / Do Abe / Do ab-E Mikh-E Zarrin], 1450 m, Hdg. & Wdb. 3427. Doab [Do Ab, Bamiyan], Meinertzhagen!" (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa); 1. Flora of North Afghanistan / Cistanche fissa var. genuina Beck / North Afghanistan: [Do Ab, Bamiyan], alt. 5700 ft. / leg. Richard H. Meinertzhagen / 01.05.1937 / det. Alexander Gilli. – 2. Cistanche bamianica Ataei, det. Najibeh Ataei (BM 000606293 [n.v.] - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1056259801 - ED701 (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1, sub C. aff. fissa 1) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/LT715389.1); "Distr.: Bam" (Podlech 2012: 246, sub C. fissa).

Helmand Province: "SE: Kandahar: in deserto Dasht-i Margo N.N.W. Darweshan [31°08'00"N 64°11'33"E], Rech. 34710. In deserto Registan prope Bhagat [30°30'07.0"N 63°50'38.9"E, Alimardan Khan-e Bagat] 600 m, Rech. 34645" (Gilli 1979: 290, sub C. fissa).

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Armenia / Hayastan / Armenien / Arménie / Армения [reported in error for the endemic C. armena] (Grossgejm 1934 et 1949; Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa; Zaturjan & Grigorjan 1987; Aghababyan 2013: 133, sub C. armena; Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 13, sub C. armena)

Ararat Province: "appears to have been first recorded for the Erevan region in Armenia by Grossgejm (1934)" (Aghababyan 2013: 135); "In Armenia it occurs only in Yerevan (surroundings of Ararat)" (Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of NAS of Armenia. References: Tsaturyan T.G., Grigoryan S.B., 1987 [Zaturjan & Grigorjan 1987]. Compiler: G.M. Fayvush; accessed Oct 2013); "Cistanche fissa. – I have studied the following specimens collected in the area of study, in the Arax River valley (Armenian part only): v 5 km na sev.-vost. ot sel. Dašlu, 800-900 m nad u. m. frigana pologikh juznyh smytyh sklonah [5 km N-W of village Dašlu, 800-900 a.s.l., low phrygana, south-facing eroded slopes], 25.5.1955, Aslanjan & Karapetjan (ERE 58872, det. Cvelev [Tzvelev]); Vedinskij r-n [Vedi raion was renamed Ararat raion], Arazdajan [Yeraskh / Arazdayan], zasolennye počvy [Vedi province, Arazdajan, salty soils], 28.5.1954, Barsegjan (ERE 29137)." (Aghababyan 2013: 133); "specimens determined as C. fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck in Engler & Prantl (1895: 129) from this region of Armenia (Arazdajan [Yeraskh / Arazdayan], Dashlu [Dashtakar], and Ararat) in the herbarium labels (ERE, list below) or in the revision of Aghababyan (2013) belong to C. armena" (Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 13, sub C. armena).

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Azerbaijan / Azərbaycan / Азәрбајҹан / Azerbaiyán / Aserbaidschan / Azerbaïdjan (Meyer 1831: 104, loc. class. of P. fissa; Ledebour 1849: 314, sub P. fissa; Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa; Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa)

Agsu District / Ağsu / Ахсуйский район: "Ach-su [Ağsu / Ахсу] (Schelkownikow)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa).

Baku / Баку (city): 1. "Phelipaea nova species? (N.º 84) / fissa mihi [C.A. Meyer] / In campis fertiliori[bus] - / bus prope Baku [Bakı / Баку] / d. 14 April mens. / 898  1830". – 2. "Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) G. Beck / Specimen Meyeri authenticum! / Calycis sinus posterior profundus, dens posterior longus, linearis, acutus / 1947.11.X.   Determ. I. Novopokrovsky." (LE s.n. - Meyer 1830 - Piwowarczyk DSC09980 [http://re.herbariumle.ru/01015395 - LE 01015395.jpg]; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, syntype of P. fissa); 1. "Phelipaea fissa / Prope Baku [Bakı / Баку] in / campis / 14 April 1830 / Enum. cauc. casp. N. 898". – 2. "Cistanche fissa C.A. Mey. / Legit C.A. Mey. / cotypus / 1947.11.X.   Determ. I. Novopokrovsky.". – 3. "Typus!" (LE s.n. - Meyer 1830 - Piwowarczyk DSC09981 [http://re.herbariumle.ru/01015396 - LE 01015396.jpg]; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, syntype of P. fissa); "Herb. Acad. Petrop. / N. 898 / Phelipaea fissa C.A. M. / Fl. Caucas. legit C.A. Meyer 1829. 1830. // Herb. Al. de Bunge" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02970922 - P 02970922.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437152303; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, syntype of P. fissa); "Prope Baku [Bakı / Баку]" (Meyer 1831: 104, loc. class. of P. fissa); "In Caucaso ad radices..." (Reuter 1847: 12, sub P. fissa); "in provinciis caucasicis (pr. Baku [Bakı / Баку, Absheron Peninsula / Abşeron yarımadası] (C.A. Meyer)...)" (Ledebour 1849: 314, loc. class. of C. fissa); "Hab. prope Baku (C.A. Mey.)" (Boissier 1879: 501, P. fissa ["Tomentosae vel ciliatae" gr.]); "Typus: Prope Baku [Absheron / Abşeron], C.A. Mey., LE!" (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa); "Cistanche fissa, originally described from around Baku on the Caspian coast of E Azerbaijan (Meyer 1831)" (Aghababyan 2013: 135).

Qaradağ District / Garadagh / Гарадагский район: "Baku!: ... Karadagska [Qaradagh, 40°14'26.2"N 49°35'42.2"E] (Milskaja, Medwedow) ... Alat [Ələt / Алят, 39°56'28.0"N 49°24'22.0"E] (Lipsky)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa); "Baku: bei Alat [Ələt / Алят, 39°56'28.0"N 49°24'22.0"E] (Lipsky!) im Mai" (Beck 1930: 40, sub C. fissa var. sintenisii).

Ganja / Гянджа (city): "Hac refero quoque specimina a cl. Bayern in campis salsis ad fluv. Kara [Kura river / Mt'k'vari / Kür / Kurdish] ditionis Elisabethpol [Elisabethpol / Elizavetpol / Jelisawetpol / Елизаветполь / Ganja / Гянджа / Kirovabad] in Chenopodiaceam parasitica lecta" (Boissier 1879: 501, P. fissa ["Tomentosae vel ciliatae" gr.]); "Jelisawetpol [Elisabethpol Governorate / Елизаветпольская губерния]! bei Jelisawetpol [Elisabethpol / Elizavetpol / Jelisawetpol / Елизаветполь / Ganja / Гянджа / Kirovabad] (Pichler); am Flusse Kur [Kura river / Mt'k'vari / Kür / Kurdish] (Hohenacker nach Ledebour); in der Flora Areschensis bei Boz Dar, Ogrudcsa, Geok Tara, Omkos, Buhopodhuk (A. Schelkownikow)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa); "Jelisawetpol [Elisabethpol Governorate]: bei Boz Dar, Ogrudcsa im April (Schelkownikow)" (Beck 1930: 40, sub C. fissa var. sintenisii).

Shamakhi District / Şamaxı / Шемахинский район: "Baku!: Im Kreise Schemachu bei Dhenga (Petunikow)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa).

Sumqayit / Sumgait / Сумгайыт (city): "Baku!: ... bei Station Sumgait [Sumqayit / Сумгайыт] (Alexeenko)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa).

Yevlakh Distric / Евлахский район: "Цветущее растение на загипсованной почве пустыни в нижнем поясе. Азербайджан, Евлахский р-н [Yevlakh / Yevlax], хребет Ахарбахар [Aharbahar Ridge, 40°48'49.7"N 47°10'54.5"E, near Xanabad / Khanabad]. 18.04.2010" (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/53221.html and http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/53222.html [Цветущее растение с растением-хозяином (Artemisia sp.)] by Юрий Пирогов [Yuri Pirogov] 2010 in Plantarium; accessed Oct 2013); Muğan, 40º06'0022N 48º48'00''E, ED1040 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/LT715021.1 - "B [B 10 0390223]: herb. Sarnarovy [?] s.n." (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1, sub C. aff. fissa 2).

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Caucasus / Caucasia / Cáucaso / Caucase / Кавказo (Meyer 1831: 104, loc. class. of P. fissa; Reuter 1847: 12, sub P. fissa; Ledebour 1849: 314, sub P. fissa; Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa) 

Transcaucasia / South Caucasus (Armenia?, Azerbaijan, Georgia?).

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Georgia / Sakartvelo / Georgien / Géorgie / Грузия [needs be confirmed]

Kvemo Kartli / Lower Kartli / Квемо-Картли [formerly Tiflis Governorate / Тифлисская губерния]: "Tiflis [Tbilisi]: bei Karajasy [Karayazi / Gardabani / Гардабани] (Medwjedew!)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa).

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Iran / Irán / Persia / Persien (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa; Gilli 1979: 290, sub C. fissa; Saeidi Mehrvarz & Shahi Shavvon 2008: 99, sub C. fissa)

Golestan Province: "No 111 Date 05.05.2002 / ... / Cistanche / Golestan Province, Golidagh region, / Arab lale gun [Arab Laleh Gun] village / Altitude: 700 m / A. Ghorbani" (TMRC 0000111 [1-2] - herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=958823; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2020); "No: 2570 Date: 13.06.2009 / ... / Cistanche / Golestan prov., Golestan National Park Sulgerd / to Lohondor, Nekanrmandi valley, N 37º 29' E 56º 4' 40'' / Altitude: 1154 m / Leg.: H. Moazzeni & A. Pirani" (TMRC 0002570 [1-2-3] - herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=961283; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2020).

Semnan Province [see C. eremodoxa]: "Shahr.-Bust.:, N.N.E. Ahmadabad, Rech. 50654" (Gilli 1979: 290, sub C. fissa); "Semnan: Shahrud, Ahmad Abad, Rechinger 50654" (Saeidi Mehrvarz & Shahi Shavvon 2008: 99, sub C. fissa).

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Israel and Palestinian territories [Palestine / Palaestina] (Ben-Natan & Fragman-Sapir 2020) [see C. salsa]

Southern District: Cistanche salsa (C.A.Mey.) Beck, East of Jordan, J.A. Paine, Collection Number: Com10/ 74. Palestine Exploration Society (K 000283208 - http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000283208, n.v. [cf.]); "Palestina trans Jordanum [Transjordan / Lordship of Oultrejordain / Oultrejourdain] (Payme!)" (Boissier 1879: 501, P. salsa ["Tomentosae vel ciliatae" gr.]); "Eastern Moab; Syrian Desert" (Post 1896: 603, "P. incana, Paine, belongs to this species [C. salsa]"); "Palaestina" (Bornmüller 1904: 686, sub C. salsa); "Palaestina, jenseits des Jordan (Payne nach Boissier)" (Beck 1930: 36, sub C. salsa); "A leafless parasite, found in the Negev Highlands ... In the Nahal Zin site, C. fissa was observed to be a parasite on Haloxylon scoparium Pomel [Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin]. There is no data on the host species in the other localities in Israel, but they are most likely all small Chenopodiaceaea shrubs ... C. fissa was discovered in 2018, during a Deshe Institute field survey, by Oren Hoffmann and Dar Ben-Natan, and identified a year later by Chris Thorogood, Dar Ben-Natan and Ori Fragman-Sapir. In 2019-2020 it was found in few more sites in the Negev heights and near Yeroham by Ori Fragman-Sapir, Yedidia Smuel, Zion Siman-Tov, Nadav Silvert, Yoav Silvert, Dalia Bones and others" (Ben-Natan & Fragman-Sapir 2020 [flora.org.il/en/plants/cisfis/] in Flora of Israel Online by Prof. Avinoam Danin and Dr. Ori Fragman-Sapir; accessed Nov 2020); "Ramat Negev Regional Council", 22 Mar 2020 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/40538761 by Ori Fragman-Sapir in iNaturalist; accessed Nov 2020); "Be'er Sheva [Negev desert], 12 Apr 2020" (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/42308979 by Ori Fragman-Sapir in iNaturalist; accessed Nov 2020), 12 Apr 2020; ibidem (https://www.jungledragon.com/image/92581 and https://www.jungledragon.com/image/92582 by Ori Fragman-Sapir; accessed Nov 2020); "Negev hills and Eilat" (https://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/picture.asp?ID=20061, wildflowers.co.il/english/picture.asp?ID=20062 and wildflowers.co.il/english/picture.asp?ID=20063 by Zvika Avni, 4-2020 in Wild Flowers of Israel; accessed Nov 2020); "Negev Desert (south), 20 March 2019 - Parasitic on Haloxylon scoparium", C. Thorogood (http://www.phytoimages.siu.edu/imgs...144004.html and phytoimages.siu.edu/imgs...144005.html in PhytoImages.siu.edu; accessed Nov 2020); ibidem (https://twitter.com/thorogoodchris1/status/1226488204200726528/photo/1 by Thorogood; accessed Nov 2020).

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Kazakhstan / Қазақстан / Qazaqstan / Казахстан / Kazajistán [unconfirmed]

West Kazakhstan Region / Батыс Қазақстан облысы: "Часть соцветия. Западный Казахстан, плато Аккерегешин [West Kazakhstan, plateau of Akkeregeshin, Zhylyoi District] 45 км NO п. Кульсары. 03.05.2013." (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/186559.html and http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/186558.html by Евгений Комаров [Evgeny Komarov] 2013; растение определил(а) Андрей Ковальчук [Andriy Kovalchuk] in Plantarium [sub Cistanche ambigua]; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2015 [cf. C. salsa, white form, corolla lobes apparently glabrous on the inner side]).

East Kazakhstan Region / Шығыс Қазақстан облысы / Восточно-Казахстанская область: "Цветущее растение (хозяин - Atriplex cana). Восточный Казахстан, вост. часть Зайсанской котловины [East Kazakhstan, east part of the Zaysan depression (Lake Zaysan)], правобережье Чёрного Иртыша в р-не с. Буран, засолённые пески. 11 мая 2013 г. (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/641447.html by Владимир Колбинцев [Vladimir Kolbintsev] 2020 in Plantarium; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2020 [cf. C. salsa, white form, corolla lobes apparently glabrous on the inner side]).

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Turkmenistan / Türkmenistan / Turkmenia / Туркмения / Turkmenien / Turcomannia (Trautvetter 1877: 467, loc. class. of Phelypaea trivalvis; Bornmüller 1904: 686, loc. class. of C. Sintenisii; Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa; Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa)

Balkan welaýaty / Балкан велаяты: "In Turkomania, prope Krasnowodsk [Türkmenbaşy / Turkmenbashi / Түркменбаши / Krasnovodsk / Красноводск / Kyzyl-Su]" et in insula Tscheleken [Cheleken Peninsula / Челекен полуостров] (B. [Becker])" (Trautvetter 1877: 467, loc. class. of Phelypaea trivalvis); 1. "Nº 257 / Dus-olum-Sumbar [Сумбар (Sünt-Hasardag Nature Reserve / Сюнт-Хасардагский заповедник)] 6.V.[18]86 / Radde". – 2. "Turkmenia. Dus-olum-Sumbar [Дуз-Олум-Сумбар] / Legit G. Radde 6.V.1886 / Cistanche Sintenisii G. v. Beck / I. Novopokrovsky". – 3. "Cistanche Sint- / enisii Beck / ...  [calyx, illustration with analysis] / Дус-Олум [Дуз-Олум]-Сумбар / 194... / Determ. I. Novopokrovsky" (LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09399; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); "Orobanche Salsa (C.A. Mey.) m. [Kuntze] / v. ambigua (Bge) m. [Kuntze] / v. fissa (C.A. Mey.) m. [Kuntze] / Herbarium Otto Kuntze. / 478 Turkmenien V 86 [May 1886]" (NY 00312479 - Kuntze 478 - http://sweetgum.nybg.org/images3/626/008/00312479.jpg - http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=661362 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1931094778; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2013, holotype of O. salsa var. ambigua f. fissa sensu Kuntze); "Orobanche salsa (C.A. Mey) / var. ambigua m. / f. longiloba m. / Turkmenien V.86 [May 1886] / Herbarium Otto Kuntze." (NY 00312480 - http://sweetgum.nybg.org/images3/606/178/00312480.jpg - http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=198924; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2013, holotype of O. salsa var. ambigua f. longiloba); "P. Sintenis: / Iter transcaspico-persicum 1900-1901. / N.º 1541 / Cistanche fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck / Regio transcaspica: Krasnowodsk / in arenosis ad Ufra [40°00'29.0"N 53°03'26.0"E]. / 21.IV.1901 / determ. G. v. Beck." (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p02983474 - P 02983474.jpg - Sintenis 1541 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438770744; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2013 [the specimens seem to correspond to C. salsa, this can be distinguished for their bracts and bracteoles which are densely woolly-hairy on throughout the surface (not only along edges) and corolla-lobes glabrous at edges and inner side]); "Transcaspia: Krasnowodsk [Türkmenbaşy / Turkmenbashi / Түркменбаши / Krasnovodsk / Красноводск / Kyzyl-Su], in arenosis ad Ufra [40°00'29.0"N 53°03'26.0"E]; 21.IV.1901 (leg. Sintenis, iter Transcaspico-turcicum, n. 1541). — Sintenis notierte dazu: Höhe 2-3 Fuss, bis 2 Kilo schwer; Blüten weiss mit dunkelblauem Saume; wird als Gemüse gegessen" (Bornmüller 1904: 686); "P. Sintenis: / Iter transcaspico-persicum 1900-1901. / N.º 1864 / Cistanche Sintenisii G. v. Beck nov. spec. / Regio transcaspica; Chodschakala [Khodzhakala / Hojagala / Khodzha-Kalay Pervyy / Khoja-Kala / Ходжа-кала]: / in steppiis arenosis, in radice Artemisiae parasit / 14.V.1901. / determ. G. v. Beck" (L 0003350 - No: 950356 754 - https://classic.europeana.eu/portal/es/record/11647/_Botany_L__0003350.html; G 00383269 - n° SIB 287297/1 - https://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?lang=en&id=292576; herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B100264823 - B 10 0264823 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/932714476 - ED1040 (Ataei & al. 2020: 4 f. 1, sub C. aff. fissa 2) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/LT715021.1; LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09402 [2. "Orob. Sintenisii Beck / N. 1864 / Chodschakala / leg. Sintenis / Calyx, bractea / bracteola [sketch] / Det. I. Novop[okrovsky]". – 3. "... C. Sintenisii G. Beck / Typus! / 7.XII.1954 Tzvelev / = C. fissa (C.A.M.) G. Beck"; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018]; WU 0066010 - https://wu.jacq.org/WU0066010 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=304058 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1135438951 [C. fissa (C.A. Mey.) Beck, det. Najibeh Ataei 05.2014], types of C. Sintenisii); "Turkomania, in planitie prope Chodschakala; 14. Majo 1901, leg. Sintenis, Exsicc. n. 1864!)" (Bornmüller 1904: 686, loc. class. of C. Sintenisii); "Turkmenien: bei Krasnowodsk [Türkmenbaşy / Turkmenbashi / Түркменбаши / Krasnovodsk / Красноводск / Kyzyl-Su] (Lipsky); Ufra [40°00'29.0"N 53°03'26.0"E] (Sintenis n. 1541 ! [P 02983474.jpg - Sintenis 1541; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2013, the specimens seem to correspond to C. salsa]); "... / Липский В.И. Экспедиция в Закаспійскую обл. 1912 г. [V.I. Lipsky. Expedition to the Transcaspian region 1912] / Nº 2775 / Закасп. обл. [Закаспійская област / Transcaspian Oblast], Красновод. у. [Красноводский уезд / Krasnovodsk district / Türkmenbaşy District], Кракалин. приеставство, / ... Ходжа-кала [Hojagala / Khodzha-Kalay Pervyy / Khodzhakala / Khoja-Kala / Chodschakala] / 23.V.1912 – 2. "Cistanche Sintenisii G. Beck / 1948.4.V  Determ. I. Novopokrovsky" (LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09398, LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09400 et LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09401; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); Chodschakala [Khodzhakala / Hojagala / Khodzha-Kalay Pervyy / Khoja-Kala / Ходжа-кала] (β. Sintenisii)" (Beck 1930: 39, sub C. fissa); "Turkmenia: in der Ebene bei Chodschakala im Mai 1901 (Sintenis, Exs. n. 1864!)" (Beck 1930: 40, loc. class. of "Var. β. Sintenisii"); "In desertis argillosis prope Kisil Kum [Kyzyl Kum / Qizilqum / Қызылқұм] in Turkestan [Turkistan] (Lehmann!)" (Beck 1930: 40, loc. class. of C. ambigua [see C. salsa]); "А.Г. Борисова и М.Е. Евсиевич. Копет-Дагская экспедиция [Kopetdag expedition] / Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck / Түр. С.С.P. Кара-Калинский район / ... Kapa Kana [Magtymguly / Махтумкули / Garrygala / Kara-Kala] ... / 30.VI.1931, N.º 303 Leg. А. Борисова [A. Borisova]". – 2. "Cistanche Sintenisii / G. Beck / 12.VII.1949 / Det. I. Novopokrovsky" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0877640 - MW 0877640.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1799049328; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018); 1. "... / Cistanche sintenisii G. Beck / Түркм. ССР [Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic] ... Копет-Даг [Kopetdag] ... / 1948.19.V / ..." – 2. "Cistanche Sintenisii G. Beck / [ad radices Salsola Aucheri Bge. [Kaviria aucheri (Moq.) Akhani] ! / det. B.B. Nikitin et ...] / 1949.II.15  Determ. I. Novopokrovsky" (LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09403; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); 1. "... / Hortus Botanicus Turcomanicus / Түркменистан ССР [Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic] ... / Копет-Даг [Kopetdag] ... / 19.V.1948 / ..." – 2. "Cistanche Sintenisii G. Beck / (ad radices Salsola Aucheri / Bge. [Kaviria aucheri (Moq.) Akhani] ! / 1949.15.II.  Determ. I. Novopokrovsky" (LE s.n. - Piwowarczyk DSC09404; rev. R. Piwowarczyk & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); "Cistanche sintenisii G. Beck / Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic [Түркменистан ССР] ... Кара-Кала [Magtymguly / Махтумкули / Garrygala / Kara-Kala] / V.1952 Собр. П. Жудова [Coll. P. Zhudova]..." (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0877639 - MW 0877639.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1799049352; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018, C. sintenisii); "Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck / Түркменистан ССР / Кара-Кала [Magtymguly / Махтумкули / Garrygala / Kara-Kala] / ... / C. sintenisii G. Beck / Det. ... / 9.V.1952. / [Leg.]  П. Жудова... [P. Zhudova...]" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0877641 - MW 0877641.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1799049351; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); "Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic [Түркменистан ССР], Красноводский обл. [Krasnovodsk region] ... 17/4-1962 Собр. Филина Н.И. [Coll. Filina N.I.] (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0877611 - MW 0877611.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018, C. sintenisii); "Turcomania: In planitie prope Khodzhakala [Ходжакала], Sint. 1864!)" (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 22, sub C. fissa [loc. class. of C. Sintenisii]); "Бутонизирующее растение (питающее растение [host] - Salsola richteri [Salsola arborescens var. richteri Moq.; Xylosalsola richteri (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson]). Туркменистан, зап. часть хр. Кюрендаг [Khrebet Kyurendag (Kopetdag mountains), Balkan Province], холмогорья Гызылджабайыр [Gyzyljabayir, northern hillside of the Kyurendag], каменисто-щебнистое дно оврага. 26.04.2017" (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/507377.html by Александр Павленко [Alexander Pavlenko] 2017, растение определил(а) Владислав Григоренко [Vladislav Grigorenko] in Plantarium accessed Mar 2018); "Цветущее растение (питающее растение - Salsola aucheri). Туркменистан, СЗ Копетдаг, ур. Секизхан [Kopetdag NW, near Sekizhan (Serdar / Kyzyl-Arvat / Кизыл-Арват / Gyzylarbat / Сердар)], глинистое местообитание. Май 2015 г." (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/433844.html by Александр Павленко [Alexander Pavlenko] 2016 растение определил(а) Владислав Григоренко [Vladislav Grigorenko] in Plantarium accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2019 [cf. C. ridgewayana Aitch. & Hemsl.]); "Цветущее растение (питающее растение - Alhagi persarum). Туркменистан, СЗ Копетдаг, ур. Секизхан [NW Kopetdag ur. Sekizhan], глинистое местообитание. Май 2015 г." (http://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/433841.html, plantarium.ru/page/image/id/433842, plantarium.ru/page/image/id/433845 by Александр Павленко [Alexander Pavlenko], 2016 растение определил(а) Андрей Ковальчук [Andriy Kovalchuk] in Plantarium accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2019 [cf. C. ridgewayana Aitch. & Hemsl.]); "Отцветающее растение (вероятные хозяева - солодка [Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Fabaceae] или лебеда [Atriplex, Chenopodiaceae]). Туркменистан, Ц Копетдаг [Kopetdag / Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Rang], ущ. Ипай, мелкозём. Май 2016 г." (https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/466945.html by Александр Павленко [Alexander Pavlenko] 2016 растение определил(а) Владислав Григоренко [Vladislav Grigorenko] in Plantarium accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2020 [cf. C. ridgewayana Aitch. & Hemsl.]).

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