Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Key - Specimens Examined - References - Authors  - Cite us

ISSN: 2386-9666 - Last Updated: 21 March 2018

Accepted Name:

Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout., Fl. Portugal: 571 (1913) (Moreno Moral, Sánchez Pedraja & Piwowarczyk, 2018: 23-24)

Basionymum / Basionym:

≡ Lathraea phelypaea L., Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753) (Brotero, 1804: 184; Moreno Moral, Sánchez Pedraja & Piwowarczyk, 2018: 23-24)

Synonyms:

Homotypic synonyms:

≡ Phelypaea lusitanica, flore luteo Tournef., Corollarium: 47 (1703) ["Phaelypaea ... cor. 47."], pre-Linnaean name, not validly published (Linnaeus, 1753: 606; Nicolson, 1975: 651)

≡ Orobanche phelypaea (L.) Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 70 (1825) [nom. illeg.], non Orobanche phelypaea M. Bieb., Beschreib. Land Casp.: 179 (1800) nec Orobanche phelypaea Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 352 (1800). Ind. loc.: "In Lusitania [Portugal] (Tournef.! Langsdorf)".

≡ Phelypaea lusitanica Coss., Notes Pl. Crit.: 43 (1849 [15 Dec 1849]) ["Phelipaea lusitanica Tournef."] [syn. excl., p.p.]. Syn.: ≡ Cistanche lusitanica (Coss.) J.A. Guim. (1904). Ind. loc.: "In arenosis maritimis insulae S. Fernando prope Gades [San Fernando, Gades / Cádiz, Spain / España] in radicibus Atriplicis portulacoidis [Atriplex portulacoides L. ≡ Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen] parasitica ! (E. Bourgeau, 1849, 11ª die Martii, pl. Esp. n. 371)". Herbarium Specimens: "E. Bourgeau, Pl. d'Espagne, 1849. / 371. Phelipaea Lusitanica, Tournef. / Lathraea phelypaea L. / Ph. tinctoria, Walp. - Brot. phyt. Lus. t. 16. / (Coss.) / Sables maritimes de l'île San Fernando près Cadiz, parasite / sur l'Atriplex portulacoides  11 Mars." (P 04608113; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011)

≡ Cistanche lusitanica (Coss.) J.A. Guim. in Brotéria 3: 190 (1904) ["Guim. (Tourn.)"] [syn. excl., p.p.], nom. illeg. [pro. syn. ("cited as a synonym", Art. 52.1 et 52.2 ICBN)]. Syn.: ≡ Phelypaea lusitanica Coss. (1849). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in ripis paludosis salsisque, et in arenosis maritimis, parasita Chenopodiacearum ... Hispania et regnum Marrocanum". Obs. "Obs. Tournefort primus hanc speciem Phelipaeam lusitanicam appellavit. Postea Desfontaines in Flora Atlantica descripsit et pinxit Phelipaeam luteam, quae a nostra satis differt scapo parce squamoso, squamis ovato-acuminatis, in margine non membranaceis, calicis laciniis haud imbricatis, et corollis minus genuflexis"

≡ Cistanche tinctoria f. lusitanica (Coss.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 31 (1930) ["Foma 1. lusitanica (Guimarães). — Phelypaea lusitanica Coss. apud Willkomm ..."] (ICN Art 41)

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Misapplied names:

– Orobanche tinctoria Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 353 (1800) [p.p.], nom. illeg., non Orobanche tinctoria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 112 (1775) nec. Orobanche tinctoria Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 70 (1791). Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Lusitania, Barbaria, Arabia". Obs. only the Portugal's specimens.

– Cistanche lutea sensu Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 319[-320] t. 63 (1813), non Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 319 (1813) nec Phelypaea lutea Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 61, t. 146 (1798). Ind. loc.: "Fréquente dans les sables près de Lisbonne [Lisboa, Portugal] de l’autre côté du Tage, sutout entre Setuval et Comporta. Elle croit ordinairement sur les Cistes [he probably mistook the true host]". Ic.: habit [sub "Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link" (Anthos, accessed Mar 2007)]

– Phelypaea tinctoria sensu Brotero, Phytogr. Lusit. Select. 1: 36[-38] t. 16 (1816), non Phelypaea tinctoria (Forssk.) Brotero, Phytogr. Lusit. Select. 1: 36[-38] (1816) nec Orobanche tinctoria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 112 (1775). Syn.: = Lathraea phelypaea L., Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753) (Reuter, 1847: 13, sub P. tinctoria). Ind. loc.: "Hab. in dumetis arenosis trans Tagum salsum, praesertim inter Alfeite et Seixal [Setúbal District, Portugal], radicum sibi vicinarum parasita. Floret Aprili, Maio."

– Phelypaea tinctoria sensu Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 462 (1844-1845 [12-14 Sep 1844]) ("[excl. syn Forsk. Vahl et Dsfnt.] Wlprs. ms."), non Phelypaea tinctoria (Forssk.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 462 (1844-1845 [12-14 Sep 1844]). Syn.: = Lathraea phelypaea L., Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753) (Reuter, 1847: 13, sub P. tinctoria). Ind. loc.: "Crescit in Lusitania [Portugal]"

– Phelypaea tinctoria sensu Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 13 (1847 [25 Nov 1847]) [p.p.], non Orobanche tinctoria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 112 (1775). Obs. only the specimens of the Iberian Peninsula.

– Phelypaea lutea sensu Pers., Syn. Pl. 2(1): 181 (1806 [Nov 1806]); G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 633 (1838 [8 Mar-8 Apr 1838]) et auct. pl. [p.p.], non Phelypaea lutea Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 61, t. 146 (1798)

– Phelypaea tinctoria sensu Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 13 (1847 [25 Nov 1847]) et auct. pl. [p.p. max.], non Orobanche tinctoria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 112 (1775)

– Phelypaea lusitanica Willk. in Willk. & Lange. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2(3): 630 (1870)] et auct. pl. [p.p. max.]. Obs. Only the detailed description and the Iberian records

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Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Lusitaniae [Lusitania / Portugal] umbrosis".

Neotypus / Neotype: 1. "Museum Parisiense / Herbarium Tournefortianum N.º 6443". – 2. "Orobanche elegantissima verna / flores luteo virid. Lusit. Grisley". – 3. "Herb. Mus. Paris. / Phelipaea foliata Lamb. / Cistanche lutea Hoffmgg. / et Link.". – 4. "Neotype de / Lathraea phelypaea L. / in Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753)" (P 00680331; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011). "(P-Tournefort n.º 6443, photo!) ... Libon estuary [Lisboa / Lisbon, Portugal]" (Foley, 2001: 229-230).

Designated by: M.J.Y. Foley in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58: 229 (2001).

Host: Parasitic on Chenopodiaceae [especially on Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) Moris (f. Pujadas), Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott (f. Pujadas), Suaeda fruticosa Forsk.= Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.! (f. Welwitsch, Guimarães, Merino)]. It was also cited on other families [unconfirmed, probably mistaken for Chenopodiaceae species] (Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Orobanchaceae, accessed Aug 2009).

Comments:

Taxonomic observations: "these two taxa to be clearly different and indicated that specific rank is justified for both, C. phelypaea and C. lutea" (Moreno Moral, Sánchez Pedraja & Piwowarczyk, 2018: 23). "Cistanche lutea has been considered conspecific with C. phelypaea by Beck 1930 (sub C. tinctoria) and, more recently, by Rix & Webb 1972, Foley 2001a, 2001b, and Domina & Raab-Straube 2010+ [C. phelypaea in Euro+Med PlantBase (accessed Nov 2008)]. Others have separated the two taxa only at subspecific level (Fernández Casas & Laínz 1973, [Valdés (1987: 558 f. 1, sub C. phelypaea subsp. phelypaea)], Pujadas 2002, Piwowarczyk & al. 2016)." (Moreno Moral, Sánchez Pedraja & Piwowarczyk, 2018: 23).

Morphological observation: "port singulier, suelte et élegant ... sur le borde de la mer, entre les dunes sur les sables profonds" (Hoffmanns. & Link, 1813: 320 t. 63, sub Cistanche lutea); "Differt ... squamisque ovatis margine mambranaceis nitido ... corolla ... genu flexa" (Willkomm, 1870: 630, sub Phelypaea lusitanica Tourn.).

Chromosomatic number: n = 20 (Gardé, 1951, Portugal), 2n = 40 (Schneeweiss & al., 2004).

Ic.: a, illustration with analysis, type of "Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link" (Anthos, accessed Mar 2007); b, illustration with analysis, type of Phelypaea tinctoria sensu Brot. (1816); c, SALA 2195 (terra class., Faro, Portugal); d, inflorescence (Isla de la Toja; Spain); e, scale leaves (middle and upper part) (ib.); f, bracts (ib.); g, twosome flowers (ib.); h, terra class., Faro, Portugal (P 04410176 - hb. B. de Retz 66666); i, terra class., rio Tejo / ríoTajo, Alfeite, Portugal (P 04608126 - hb. E. Cosson; P 03996052); j, Cádiz, Spain (P 04608109 - hb. E. Drake; P 04608117; P 04608119 - hb. Dⁱ. Guillemin. 1842); k, Sables de Troia, Portugal (P 04608127 - hb. E. Drake; P 04608129).

Distribution: Mediterranean Region distribution [endemic to west coast of the Iberian Peninsula]; Iberian Peninsula distribution.

An Illustrated Key to Iberian Peninsula Species of Cistanche (Orobanchaceae):

-- Plants usually relatively ± graceful. Leaves ovate, with wide scarious margin; greenish brown or brown, rarely yellowish. Inflorescence lax or dense spike. Bracts ovate and ± equalling calyx. Bracteoles shorter than calyx. Corolla always entirely bright yellow; corolla-tube strongly curved in anthesis. Approximate distribution in Mediterranean Region; distribution in the Iberian Peninsula  ..........................................................................................  Cistanche phelypaea

-- Plants usually robust [yellow and purple-flowered forms]. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with narrow scarious margin; pale brown, dark brown, greenish brown, dark bluish green, greyish or yellowish. Inflorescence very dense spike. Bracts ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate longer than calyx. Bracteoles ± equalling calyx. Corolla entirely bright yellow, whitish or light yellowish with ± bright yellow folds and with or without purplish lobes; corolla-tube gradually or ± strongly curved in anthesis. Approximate distribution in Mediterranean Region; distribution in the Iberian Peninsula  ..........................................................................................  Cistanche lutea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link [Cistanche phelypaea subsp. lutea (Desf.) Fern. Casas & M. Laínz (1973)]

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Specimens examined and literature records.

Portugal

Algarve Region

Algarve (Ag): "E. Bourgeau, Pl. d'Espagne et de Portugal, 1853. / 2013. Phelipaea lusitanica, Tournef. Coss. / pl. crit. / Ph. tinctoria, Walp. / Lathraea Phelipaea, L. — Brot. phyt. Lus. t. 16 / (Coss.) / Marais salé à Tavira [Faro District], Algarve. / 16 avril." (P 04608118 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2016); "Algarb. pr. Tavira, Bourg.!" (Willkomm, 1870: 630, sub Phelypaea lusitanica); "lusit. a. 1853. 2013 [Bourgeau] (Algarb.) (Nyman, 1881: 556, sub P tinctoria); 1. "N.º 214 / Phelippaea lutea / In maritimis pr. Portimão [Faro District] / ... [Villanova de Portimão, leg. Deveau]". – 2. "... / prope Portimão / ... Junio 1847" (P 04608124; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2016); "cercanías de Tavira (Bourg.), Lagos, Villanova de Portimão (Deveau)" (Colmeiro, 1888: 273, sub P. lusitanica); "Tavira (exsicc., n.° 2013, Bourgeau!); arredores de Faro: ilhotes arenosos da Arabia (parasita da Obione portulacoides Moq., Soc. Brot., n.° 1032, A. Guimarães!, José Brandeiro!; Ludo (A. Guimarães!); Silves [Faro District] (Tournefort); Portimão (Tourn., parasita da Suaeda fruticosa Forsk., e da Salsola vermiculata L., Welwitsch!, A. Guimarães!; Lagos [Faro District] (Tourn., A. Moller!)" (Guimarães, 1904: 192); "Plantes d'Espagne — F. Sennen / N.º 2486 / Lathraea Phelypaea L. / Phelypaea lusitanica Coss. / Portugal: Portianao [Portimão, Faro District]. / 1915-IV Leg. G. Sampaio" (SLA 042362 - hb. Coste; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); "Faro, Lagos, Tavira" (Gandoger, 1917: 274, sub P. tinctoria); 1. "Ex Dupla / Plantae Lusitaniae / ex Herbario Stationis Agronomicae Nationalis / Cistanche Phelypaea (L.) P. Cout. / Det. P. Silva & A.N. Teles / Prov. Algarve    Faro   17.6.69[1969] / Ilha de Faro, nos salgadicos. / CMP 610 / ao nivel do mar / 1968, Abr. 23  Leg. P. Silva & A.N. Teles N.º 8018". – 2. "Ex Herbario / Stationis Agronomicae / Nationalis (Portugal) / N.º 71102" (P 04410176 - hb. B. de Retz 66666; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); "Faro, (Portugal) / En el Estuario / 23 de Abril de 1968 / Leg. et Det. Bellot et Casaseca (SALA 2195; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2010); "Pinheiro ... Livramento" (Costa & al., 1996: 88, q. 3); "Quinta de Marim ... Torre de Bias" (Costa & al., 1996: 98, q. 8); "Ilha da Barreta; Marim; Quinta do Lago; Sapal dos Gemidos; Marina dos Cavacos; Regueira dos Barcos (Ilha de Armona); Manta Rota; Ribeira dos Mosquiteiros; Ilhéu das Ratas; Torre de Aires" (Costa & al., 1996: 100, q. 9); "Ilha da Armona; Quinta do Lago (Ancão); Ponte de Faro; Pedras d'El Rei (Ilha de Tavira); Ilhéu das Ratas; Torre de Bias; Marim; Marina dos Cavacos" (Costa & al., 1996: 102, q. 10); "Qta. de Marim; Pinheiro; Ilhéu das Ratas" (Costa & al., 1996: 104, q. 11); "Quinta de Marim; Ancão (Quinta do Lago); Sta. Luzia; Pedras d'El Rei (Ilha de Tavira); Cabanas de Tavira (Ribeira do Almargem)" (Costa & al., 1996: 108, q. 13); "Salinas da Fuzeta; Talude do Combóio da Ilha de Tavira; Ilha da Culatra; Cacela" (Costa & al., 1996: 120, q. 18); municipality of Vila Real de Santo António, Guadiana estuary (next to Vila Real de Santo António city, Faro district), 29SPB4115, 1 m, salt marsh, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral, 25.03.2007 (obs.) [numerous specimens]; Algarve, on Salicornia sp., Ch. Thorogood, 1 Jan. 2004 (Flickr, 2ca48e9326_b, accessed Nov 2010); Loulé, Almancil (Quinta do Lago), April 15, 2007, photo! by Valter Jacinto, accessed Nov 2010); Algarve (C. phelypaea by Jenny Loring); "Vegetation mapping of the Guadiana Estuary" (photo in www.arocha.org); "The specimens shown on this page where photographed in April in the Parque Natural de Rio Formosa in the Algarve region of Portugal" (photos in First-Nature.com; accessed Apr 2015); "Plantae Lusitaniae 1765-7 / ex-Herbario Stationis ad Melioramentum Plantarum / Cistanche Phelypaea (L.) P. Cout. / Det. Leg. Ml-B. [Malato-Beliz] / Algarve: Ilha de Faro: Salgados / 1968, 23 Abril Leg. Malato-Beliz et al. N.º 6138" (O-V2256111; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018).

Alentejo Region

Alentejo Litoral (BAl): "Herbarium Lusitanicum n.º 1058 / (Provincia de Estrenadura) / J. Daveau / Phelippaea lusitanica Tourn. / Sables de Troia / Mai (1884)" (P 04608127 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); idem (P 04608129; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); "Villa Nova de Mil Fontes (J. Daveau!) [Vila Nova de Milfontes parish, Odemira municipality, Beja District, Alentejo Region]" (Guimarães, 1904: 192).

Lisbon / Lisboa [Área Metropolitana de Lisboa / Lisbon metropolitan area]

Estremadura (E): 1. "Museum Parisiense / Herbarium Tournefortianum N.º 6443". – 2. "Orobanche elegantissima verna / flores luteo virid. Lusit. Grisley". – 3. "Herb. Mus. Paris. / Phelipaea foliata Lamb. / Cistanche lutea Hoffmgg. / et Link.". – 4. "Neotype de / Lathraea phelypaea L. / in Sp. Pl.: 606 (1753)" (P 00680331; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011, neotype of Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout.); 1. "Phelypaea lusitanica, flore luteo / Cor. J. R. H. 47. / herbatio de Vaillant". – 2. "Phelipaea lutea Desf. atl. 2. T. 146. / Orobanche tinctoria Wild. / (Desfontaines...)". – 3. "Cistanche lutea... / Phelypaea lusitanica Tourn. / Orobanche tinctoria Walps. / Lusitania legit Tournefort" (P 04608128; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Feb 2016); "Habitat in Lusitaniae umbrosis" (Linnaeus, 1753: 606, loc. class. of Lathraea phelypaea L.); "Orobanche elegantissima verna flores luteo virid. Lusit. Grisley (P-Tournefort n.º 6443, photo!) ... Libon estuary [Lisboa / Lisbon]" (Foley, 2001: 229, neotype of Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout.); "Fréquente dans les sables près de Lisbonne [Lisboa / Lisbon, Lisbon District] de l’autre côté du Tage, sutout entre Setuval et Comporta [Setúbal District]. Elle croit ordinairement sur les Cistes [he probably mistook the true host]" (Hoffmannsegg & Link, 1813: 319-320, t. 63, sub C. lutea); "inter Cacilhas [Almada] et Arrabida, praesertim ex Alfeite ad Seixal [Setúbal District], in arenosis" (Brotero, 1804: 184, sub of Lathraea phelypaea L.); "Hab. in dumetis arenosis trans Tagum [rio Tejo / río Tajo] salsum, praesertim inter Alfeite et Seixal [Setúbal District], radicum sibi vicinarum parasita" (Brotero, 1816: 36-38 t. 16, sub Phelypaea tinctoria); "[Phelypaea tinctoria Walp.] Welwitschii iter Lusitanicum. / 72. Phelipaea lutea Desf. / In Estremad. transt. maritimis ad Salsolarum radices parasitica / U. i. 1841.  in Valle de Zebro [Concelho do Barreiro, Distrito de Setúbal] Jun. et Jul. 1840. [Herbarum Steudel]" (P 04608111; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); ibidem [Herb. Al. de Bunge] (P 04608121 - hb. E. Cosson; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jan 2016); "Crescit in Lusitania" (Walpers, 1844-1845: 462, sub Phelypaea tinctoria Walp.); "5 / Welwitsch, plantae Lusitanicae, 1851 / Phelipaea lusitanica Tourn. / (P. tinctoria) / ad Salsolas juxta Tagi littoral / Maio-Jun." (P 04608126 - hb. E. Cosson; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); "Lusitaniâ (Welv.! pl. exsicc. n. 72), Bendera trans Tagum (Guthnick!)" (Reuter, 1847: 13, sub Phelypaea tinctoria Walp.); "ad Bendera trans Tagum, Guthn." (Willkomm, 1870: 630, sub Phelypaea lusitanica); "Welv. lusit. 72 Lusit. [Lusitaniâ])" (Nyman, 1881: 556, sub P. tinctoria); "entre Casilhas y Arrabida ... desde Alfeite hasta Seixal (Brot.), entre Setúbal y Composta (Hoffm. Link), Bendera al otro lado del Tajo (Guthn.)" (Colmeiro, 1888: 273, sub P. lusitanica); "Flora selecta exsiccata / Publuié par Ch. Magnier / 3082.— Phelipaea Lusitanica, Tourn. coroll. 47; Coss. / not. pl. crit. 43; Will et Lge prodr. hisp. 2, 630 — La- / thraea Phelipaea Brot. fl. lusit. I, 184, et Phyt. t. 16. — P. / tinctoria Walp. rep. 3, 462; Nym. consp 556 / Portugal: sur les Salsolacées d'Alfeite [south bank of the Tagus river huge estuary, near the city of Almada] à Ponte / du Matto. / Juin 1892   J. Daveau" (P 03996052; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); idem (SLA 042363 - hb. Coste; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018); "Barreiro [Setúbal District], nos areaes maritimos (parasita do Atriplex glaucus L. e da Salsola vermiculata L., FI. lus. exsicc., n.° 72, Welwitsch!, R. da Cunha!); Alfeite, Ponta do Matto [Ponta dos Corvos / Ponta do Mato, Seixal, Setúbal District] (Brotero, Welwitsch!, Daveau!, parasita do Atriplex Halimus L., R. da Cunha!); Seixal (Brotero, juncto da Sueada fruticosa Forsk, Valorado!, Welwitsch!, J. A. d' Almeida Lima!); Arrentela [Setúbal District] (R. da Cunha!); Bendira (?) (Guthnick); entre Setubal e Comporta (parasita dos Cistus (?) Hoffm. et Lk.), proximo de Setubal, Marinha (A. Luisier!), Areaes de Troia [Grândola, Setúbal District] (exsicc., n.° 1058, J. Daveau!)" (Guimarães, 1904: 192); "Alfeite" (Gandoger, 1917: 274, sub P. tinctoria); Seixal, Setúbal, 1 de mayo, 2008 (C. phelypaea by *L, accessed Nov 2010); "Lisboa, Portugal Lat: 38.76, Long: -8.94, May 10, 2006 " (photo 8090665 by Raquel Antunes in Project Noah, Oct 2012 [loc. class. of C. phelypaea]).

Norte Region

Beira Litoral (BL) [unconfirmed]: "Oporto [Porto] (Vand.)" (Colmeiro, 1888: 273, sub P. lusitanica) [in error, no confirmed by modern records].

Unknown location: "Phelipaea lutea Desf. ... / ... / Cleonia lusitanica Brot / Phelypaea tinctoria Brotero / ... / Herbier A.N. Desvaux / hab. in lusitania, africa, arabia" (P 04392347; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2018).

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References.

Beck, G. 1930 [30 Sep 1930]. IV. 261. Orobanchaceae. In: Engler, A. (ed.). Das Pflanzenreich. Regni Vegetabili Conspectus. Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig, pp. 1-348.

Brotero, F. de A. 1804 [7 Nov 1804]. Flora lusitanica, seu plantarum, quae in Lusitania vel sponte crescunt, vel frequentius coluntur, ex florum praesertim sexubus systematice distributarum, synopsis. Pars I. Olissipone. Ex Tipographia Regia. [Flora lusitanica 1: 119. Orobanche, p. 183; 120 Lathraea, p. 184].

Brotero, F. de A. 1816. Phytographia Lusitaniae selectior, seu novarum, rariorum, et aliarum minus cognitarum stirpium, quae in Lusitania sponte veniunt, ejusdemque floram spectant, descriptiones iconibus illustratae. Tom. I. Olisipone: Ex Typographia Regia. [Phytogr. Lusit. Select. 1].

Colmeiro, M. 1888. Enumeración y revisión de las plantas de la Península hispano-lusitana é Islas Baleares, vol. 4. Madrid. [Orobancaceas: 270-281].

Cosson, E.S.-Ch. 1849. Notes sur quelques plantes critiques, rares ou nouvelles. Paris, Leipzig {"Fascicule I": "Notes sur quelques plantes critiques, rares ou nouvelles, et additions a la flore des environs de Paris", p. [1]-24 [4 Feb 1849; "1848"]; "Fascicule II": "Notes sur quelques plantes nouvelles, critiques ou rares du midi de l'Espagne", p. [25]-48 [15 Dec 1849]}.

Costa, J.C., Lousã, M. & Espírito-Santo, M.D. 1996. A vegetação do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa (Algarve, Portugal). Stud. Bot. Univ. Salamanca 15: 69-157.

Coutinho, A.X.P. 1913. A Flora de Portugal… París, Lisboa, …

Don, G. 1837-1838. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants [...] 4 (Corolliflorae). London. (Orobanche-Phelipaea: 628-633 [1838]).

Foley, M.J.Y. 2001a. Orobanchaceae in the "Flora iberica" area: new taxa, excluded taxa, and typification. Anales Jard. Bot Madrid 58 (2): 223-233. (pdf)].

Foley, M.J.Y. 2001b. Orobanche L. In Paiva, J., Sales, F., Hedge, I.C., Aedo, C., Aldasoro, J.J., Castroviejo, S., Herrero, A. & Velayos, M. (eds.). Flora iberica 14: 32-72 + 235-251 (Suplemento Fotográfico). Madrid. URL: http://www.rjb.csic.es/floraiberica/floraiberica/texto/pdfs/14_05%20orobanche.pdf (accessed Sep 2007).

Gandoger, M. 1917. Catalogue des plantes récoltées en Espagne et en Portugal pendant mes voyages de 1894 à 1912. Paris. ["77. Orobanchaceae": 273-274].

Gardé, A. 1951. Nota cariológica sobre tres Orobanchaceae portuguesas. Genét. Ibér. 3: 133-144.

GBIF (The Global Biodiversity Information Facility). GBIF Online Resource Centre. Search. Orobanchaceae (accessed Sep 2017).

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Hoffmannsegg, J.C. von & Link, J.H.F. 1809-1820. Flore portugaise ou description de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en Portugal avec figures coloriées, cinq planches de terminologie et une carte. Tome I. Berlin. [Fl. Portug. 1: 311-320, t. 62-63 (Ordo 8. Orobanchinae)].

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... Holmiae [Stockholm]: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. 2 vols. [2: 605-606 "Lathraea" et 632-633 "Orobanche"]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669.

Lobin, W. & Düll, B. 1996. Die Gattung Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) auf den Kapverdischen Inseln unter Berücksichtigung der Arten des westafrikanischen Kontinents. Willdenowia 25: 583-594.

Martínez Martínez, C. 1935. Contribución al estudio de la flora asturiana [1-68]. Madrid.

Merino, B. 1906. Flora descriptiva é ilustrada de Galicia, vol. 2. Santiago de Compostela. [Orobanchaceae: 42-55].

MNHN (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle). Vascular plants (P). Orobanchaceae. URL: https://science.mnhn.fr/all/search - https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/search - http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p04608109 [permalink]... - https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04608109 [browser link]... - http://mediaphoto.mnhn.fr/media/1441378405295yf5LwHJrSbLSx4jA [image link]... (accessed Nov 2011).

Moreno Moral, G., Sánchez Pedraja, Ó. & Piwowarczyk, R. 2018 [30 Jan 2018]. Contributions to the knowledge of Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) in the Western Palearctic. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 57(1-2): 19-36, with 9 figures.

Nyman, C. F. 1854-1855. Sylloge florae Europaeae seu plantarum vascularium Europae indigenarum enumeratio adjectis synonymis gravioribus et indicata singularum distributione geographica. Oerebroae: Sumptu et typis N. M. Lindh. [Syll. Fl. Eur.].

Nyman, C. F. 1878-1882. Conspectus florae europaeae, seu enumeratio methodica plantarum phanerogamarum Europae indigenarum, indicatio distributionis geographicae singularum etc. Örebro Sueciae: Typis officinae Bohlinianae. [Consp. Fl. Eur.].

Pérez Lara, J.M. 1889. Florula gaditana. Pars tertia. Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 18(1): 35-143. [Fam. Orobanchaceae Lindl., pp. 138-142].

Reuter, G. 1847 [25 Nov 1847]. Orobanchaceae. In: De Candolle, A. (ed.). Prodromus Systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis... 11: 1-45. Addenda et Corrigenda: 717-720. Parisiis: Sumptibus Victoris Masson. (TL-2: 446 n. 999).

Tournefort, J.P. de. 1703. Corollarium Institutionum rei herbariæ. Paris [N.B. It is a supplement, published in 1703, to the Instututiones Rei Herbariæ]. [Orobanche: 10; Phelypaea: 47, t. 479].

Vahl, M. 1791 [Jul-Dec 1791]. Symbolae botanicae [...] Pars Secunda [Symb. Bot. 2]. Hauniae: Impensis Auctoris. Excudebant Nicolaus Möller et Filius, Aulae Regiae Typographi. [Orobanche: 70-71].

Valdés Bermejo, E. & Silva Pando, F.J. 1986. Vegetación del itsmo de La Lanzada. Dip. Prov. Pontevedra, Pontevedra.

Wallroth, K.F.W. 1825 [Oct 1825]. Orobanches generis ΔΙΑΣΚΕΥΗ ad Carolam Mertensium... [Orobanches Generis Diaskene [romanized] ad Carolam Mertensium professorem apud Bremanos celeberrimum epistola]. Franco-furti ad Moenum. [Orobanches Gen. Diask. (IPNI)] (TL-2 16.597).

Walpers, W.G. 1844-1845. Repertorium botanices systematicae... 3. Lipsiae [Leipzig]. Sumtibus Friderici Hofmeister. ["Ordo CLIV. Orobancheae L.C. Rich." pp. 457- 482. Repert. Bot. Syst. 3. Part. 3, pp. 385-576. 12-14 Sep 1844 (TL-2: 47)]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7553.

Willdenow, C.L. 1800. Caroli a Linné species plantarum exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus secundum systema sexuale digestas. Berolini: Impensis G. C. Nauk. Tomus III. Pars I. [Sp. Pl. 3(1)] [1186. Orobanche: 347-354].

Willkomm, M. 1870 [Jan-Jun 1870]. Orobanchaceae. In: Willkomm, M. & Lange, J. Prodromus florae hispanicae 2(3): 620-632. Stuttgart.

Willkomm, M. 1893. Supplementum prodromi florae hispanicae. Stuttgart. [Fam. Orobanchaceae: 185-191, 328].

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