Orobanche_densiflora_Grupo botánico cantábrico

Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References - Authors - Cite us

ISSN: 2386-9666 - Last Updated: 18 December 2022

Accepted Name:

Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Bertol., Fl. Ital. 6: 444 (1846) ["O. densiflora Salzm., Pl. sicc. Hisp. Tingint. ex Reich. / O. crinita Reich., Cent. 7 p. 43. tab. 687 fig. 922. optim."] (Reichenbach 1829: 43; Reuter 1847: 19; Cosson 1849-1852: 42; Domina & Soldano 2009; Domina & Raab-Straube 2010)

Synonyms:

Homotypic synonyms:

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm., Pl. Hisp. Tingit. Exsicc. (1825) [in sched., unpublished name] (Beck 1890: 232, "vidi spec. orig.")

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43 (1829), pro syn. (Reichenbach 1829: 43, "O. densiflora Salzm. pl. hisp. tingit. exsicc.")

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Mutel, Fl. Franç. 2: 351 (1835), pro syn. [nom. illeg.]. Obs. Orobanche densiflora sensu Mutel, Fl. Franç. 2: 351 (1835), non Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Mutel, Fl. Franç. 2: 351 (1835) [= Orobanche crinita Viv., Fl. Cors. Prodr.: 11 (1824)]

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2: 230 (1841), pro syn.

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 2: 180 (1847 [10-13 Nov. 1847]), nom. superfl. [nom. illeg.]

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 19 (1847 [25 Nov. 1847]), nom. superfl. [nom. illeg.] (Reuter 1847: 19, "Salzm.! pl. tingit. exsicc. ... O. crinita Rchb. pl. crit. 7 fig. 922, non Viv !")

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Willk. in Willk. & Lange., Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2(3): 622 (1870), nom. superfl. [nom. illeg.] (Willkomm 1870: 622, "Salzm. pl. Tingit. exs. ... O. crinita Rchb. pl. crit. VII, f. 922, nec Viv. teste Reut.")

≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Beck, Biblioth. Bot. 19: 232 (1890), nom. superfl. [nom. illeg.]

≡ Orobanche densiflora var. typica J.A. Guim. in Brotéria 3: 143 (1904) ["α. typica — O. densiflora Salzmann ... Orobanche densiflora Salzmann, Plantae hisp. tingint. exsicc. (1825)"], nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3)

≡ Orobanche densiflora var. genuina Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 194 (1930), nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3)

≡ Orobanche densiflora [var. genuina] f. typica (J.A. Guim.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 194 (1930), nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3)

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Heterotypic synonyms:

≠ Orobanche densiflora var. macraixma J.A. Guim. in Brotéria 3: 144[-148] (1904). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche densiflora var. genuina f. macraixma (J.A. Guim.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 195 (1930) (Foley 2001b: 230). Ind. loc.: Portugal: "Centro littoral: Arredores de Lisboa: Tapada da Ajuda (parasita da Carlina corymbosa L., Welwitsch! 1846). / Alemtejo littoral: — Collina da margem esquerda do Tejo (parasita da Thrincia hispida Rth., Daveau!)" (Guimarães 1904: 147-148). Obs. The host-plants which have been indicated by the collectors do not seem to correspond to those of this species. In addition, we could see in the Paris herbarium a sheet from "Serpa [Beja District, Alentejo Region]" which had been collected and determined by Daveau as O. densiflora Salzm (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419810 - P 04419810.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/464648949 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/6732439A857F4DCBAFF4FEAAC755424A [no. 20, Herbarium lusitanicum, Mai 1832]) but the specimen which contains do not correspond to this species, it would be O. rapum-genistae

≠ Orobanche densiflora var. melitensis Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 195 (1930) ["Var. β"]. Ind. loc: "Malta: an der Küste bei Marfa, im Mai (Sommier!)". Ic.: photos by S. Mifsud (accessed 20 Nov 2011). Herbarium Specimens: "Lectotypus: FI / a) O. densiflora Salzm. f. melitensis m. / differt a typo dentibus calycis partium alte connatis, corolla subcopiose glandulosa, glabrescens. / Ein kleines Exemplar behalten! Sehr interessanter Standort! [ho guardato un piccolo esemplare! Località molto interessante!] b) Stéphen Sommier – Plantae Melitenses / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. f. melitensis m. Beck / Insula Melita (hodie Malta) / Marfa – in litore arenoso. / 4 Maii 1907 legi / ex albo-flavescens / 55" (Domina & Soldano 2009). "Lo studio del materiale originale, conservato a Firenze (FI!), ha permesso di riferire questo taxon a O. sanguinea C. Presl." (Domina & Soldano 2009); "a) O. densiflora Salzm. / f. melitensis m. / differt a typo dentibus calycis / partium alte connatis, corolla subcopiose / glandulosa, glabrescens. / Ein kleines Exemplar / behalten! / Sehr interessanter Standort!" // b) Stéphen Sommier – Plantae Melitenses / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / f. melitensis m. / Beck / Insula Melita (hodie Malta) / Marfa – in litore arenoso. / 4 Maii 1907 legi / ex albo-flavescens / 55 // c) Holotypus" (FI 002514 - https://parlatore.msn.unifi.it/img72/FI002514.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, yellowish-white form of O. sanguinea)

≠ Orobanche crinita var. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58: 226 (2001) [saltem p.p.]. Ind. loc.: "Holotype: Spain, Cádiz, Zahara de los Atunes, 26/27-IV-1993, Foley 243 (E [E 00053427]) / Habitat: Maritime sands ... Parasitic upon Medicago spp.". Obs. some of the "Specimens examined" by Foley (2001a: 226) seem to correspond to stunted forms of O. foetida (Foley 2001a: 227; Pujadas & al. 2003: 8, sub O. foetida var. broteri; Carlón & al. 2005: 37 ["arenales costeros ... castaño anaranjado"], sub O. densiflora). Herbarium Specimens: 1. "Herbarium M.J.Y. Foley / Flora of Spain / Orobanche sanguinea Presl s.l. / Possibly of hybrid origen xO. foetida Poir. ? / Zahara de los Atunes, Cadiz Province, in / coastal dune meadow probably parasitic on / Medicago sp. (also Lotus sp.). Occupied slight / depressions in two places in dunes - but quite / separate habitat from O. densiflora Salzm. which / is abundant here. Whole plant and stigma lobes / deep wine red / nº. 243 Leg. M.J.Y. Foley / Date 26/27-IV-1993 Det. M.J.Y. Foley / This plant is under further investigation and is / possibly a subsp. nov. - MJYF (1993)". – 2. "Holotype Orobanche crinita Viv. var. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley". – 3. "Holotype Orobanche crinita Viv. subsp. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley". – 4. "Orobanche crinita Viviviani subsp. / occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley / Fide M.J.Y. Foley 4-2-1998". – 5. "Orobanche sanguinea / of possible hybrid origen xO. foetida Poir. / Determinavit M.J.Y. Foley MJYF I/1995" (http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00053427 - E 00053427.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/574923251; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, sub O. foetida)

= Orobanche densiflora var. tarifae A. Pujadas in Acta Bot. Malacitana 33: 363 [1 online] (2008 [Dec 2008 (14 Oct 2008 online, vide Vienna Code, Art. 29)]). Syn.: Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 19 (1847 [25 Nov. 1847]), nom. superfl. [red flowering forms with yellow stigmas]. Ind. loc.: Spain: "Holótipo: Cádiz [Andalucía / Andalusia], Tarifa, Playa del Cañuelo, c. Faro Camarinal, 36°05'23.0"N 5°48'19.6"W 36.089717, -5.805433, 9 m, 10-V-2008, A. Pujadas, COA45361" (Pujadas 2008: 363). Obs. "excepto el estigma que es amarillo" (Pujadas 2008: 363; Carlón & al. 2005: 37 "estigmas amarillos, rojos... o de un castaño anaranjado"; Carlón & al. 2005: 37, 61 f. 4, 64 "se ha determinado en las dos formas la mismísima secuencia ITS —cf. Figura 4. [The ITS sequence for yellow and red flowering forms has been studied by Schneeweiss, the results indicate that it is the same for both sympatric forms (61 f. 4, 64)]"). Herbarium Specimens: "Orobanche densiflora var. tarifae A. Pujadas / Esp.: Cádiz [Andalucía / Andalusia], Tarifa, Playa del Cañuelo, c. Faro / Camarinal, 36°05'23.0"N 5°48'19.6"W 36.089717, -5.805433, 9 m, / Fecha: 10-V-2008, Leg. A. Pujadas / Det.: A. Pujadas" (COA4 5361, holotype); idem (SALA 136763, isotype in Jstor; accessed Nov 2014); idem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02428258 - P 02428258.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1019616966 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/A95F08752B6249F3969E08B4CEFE4DF5, isotype)

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≠ Orobanche densiflora [var. genuina] f. macraixma (J.A. Guim.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 195 (1930) ["Forma 3. macraichma"]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche densiflora var. macraixma Guim. in Brotéria 3: 144[-148] (1904)

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Misapplied names:

– Orobanche crinita auct. pl., non Orobanche crinita Viv., Fl. Cors. Prodr.: 11 (1824)

– Orobanche crinita sensu Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43, t. 687 f. 922 (1829), non Orobanche crinita Viv., Fl. Cors. Prodr.: 11 (1824). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 19 (1847 [25 Nov. 1847]), nom. superfl. [nom. illeg.] (Reichenbach 1829: 43, "O. densiflora Salzm. pl. hisp. tingit. exsicc."; Reuter 1847: 19, "Salzm.! pl. tingit. exsicc. ... O. crinita Rchb. pl. crit. 7 fig. 922, non Viv !"); Cosson 1849-1852: 42; Nyman 1854-1855: 130; Willkomm 1870: 622; Guimarães 1904: 143; Beck 1930: 193; (!)). Ind. loc.: Morocco: "Hist. 922. in sabulosis maritimis circa Tanger [Tangier, Région de Tanger-Tétouan]; Salzmann."

? – Orobanche densiflora sensu Bertol., Fl. Ital. 6: 444-445 (1846), non Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Bertol., Fl. Ital. 6: 444 (1846). Ind. loc.: Italy: "Ann. Habui ex Castel Sardo [Castelsardo / Castel Sardo / Caltheddu / Casteddu Sardu, Province of Sassari, Sardegna / Sardinia / Cerdeña] in Sardinia septentrionali ab Eq. Prof. Vivianio, qui confundebat eam cum sequente". Obs. "Corolla parva, tubulosa ... superne recurva, pallide flavescens ... Stigmatis ... purpurei" (Bertoloni 1846: 441); "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (in Candolle, Prodr. 11: 19. 1847) was reported from Castelsardo (Bertoloni 1846), based on a specimen collected by Viviani (BOLO!) that belongs to O. litorea Guss. Moris (1858-59) had seen it in Viviani’s own herbarium, mixed with O. crinita. Beck (1890) considered "O. densiflora" in the sense of Moris and Bertoloni as a variant of O. minor Sm. Nevertheless, O. densiflora is, although doubtfully, recorded for Sardinia by Chater & Webb (1972), and fully so by Conti & al. (2005)" (Domina & Arrigoni 2007: 134)

– Orobanche densiflora sensu Willk. in Willk. & Lange. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2(3): 622 (1870) [p.p.], non Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Willk. in Willk. & Lange. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2(3): 622 (1870). Obs. vide Orobanche foetida Poir.

– Orobanche foetida auct. [saltem p.p.], non Orobanche foetida Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 195 (1789) (e.g., Willkomm 1870: 622)

– Orobanche crinita var. occidentalis sensu auct. [saltem p.p.], non Orobanche crinita var. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58: 226 (2001). Syn.: = Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (1847) [red flowering form with orangish-brown stigma]

– Orobanche foetida var. broteri sensu Pujadas & al. (2003: 740, 742), p.p., non Orobanche foetida var. broteri (J.A. Guim.) Merino, Contr. Fl. Galicia 2: 49 (1897). Syn.: = Orobanche crinita var. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley (2001); – Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (1847) [red flowering form with orangish-brown stigma]. Obs. Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 37 (2005)

– Orobanche foetida var. foetida sensu Pujadas & al. (2003: 740, 742), p.p., non Orobanche foetida Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 195 (1789). Syn.: – Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (1847) [red flowering form with orangish-brown stigma]. Obs. Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 37 (2005)

– Orobanche foetida var. lusitanica sensu Pujadas & al. (2002: 434), p.p., non Orobanche foetida subsp. lusitanica [Brot. ex] Cout., Fl. Portugal: 568 (1913). Syn.: = Orobanche foetida var. broteri sensu Pujadas & al. (2003: 740, 742), p.p., non (J.A. Guim.) Merino (1897); – Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (1847) [red flowering form with orangish-brown stigma]. Obs. Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 37 (2005)

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Ind. loc.: "in sabulosis maritimis circa Tanger [طنجة / Tánger / Tanja / Tangier, Région de Tanger-Tétouan, Morocco]; Salzmann." (Reichenbach 1829, sub O. crinita sensu Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43, t. 687 f. 922); "In arenosis maritimis regni Maroccani prope Tingidem [طنجة / Tánger / Tanja / Tangier] (Salzm.! Schousb. in h. Pavon! nunc Boiss.)" (Reuter 1847: 19; Foley 2001: 54).

Typus / Type: W 1889-0082394 [Herb. Mus. Palat. Vindob. / Collectio Reichenbach fil.] (Reuter 1847: 19, "Salzm.! pl. tingit. exsicc."). Lectotypus / Lectotype: "Orobanche densiflora S. Cat. / M. Salzmann 1839 / Tanger in sabulosis maritimis" (G) (Domina & Soldano, 2009). Isotypus: a) "Orobanche densiflora Slzm. cat. / Tanger, in sabulosis maritimis", b) "Herb. Mus. Paris / Orobanche densiflora / Salzm.! / Tanger M. Salzmann" (P 02978276; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011). Typus: a) "Orobanche: / spicâ conicâ floribus minoribus / ... / Tanger / Herb. Pavon", b) "Orobanche densiflora Salzm.! / Reuter in DC prod. / Orobanche crinita Rchb. pl. crit. ..." (G 00383153 - hb. Boissier; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2016).

Designated by: M.J.Y. Foley, 1995-02 [in sched.]. Domina & Soldano in 104° Congr. Soc. Bot. Italiana (2009).

Host: usually on Lotus creticus L. [= Lotus commutatus Guss.; = Lotus salzmannii Boiss. & Reut.] (Leguminosae), more rarely on other Leguminosae species (e.g., Ononis variegata L.) (Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Orobanchaceae, accessed Aug 2009).

Comments: cariological and genetic studies suggest that Orobanche densiflora were not connected with Orobanche minor group. (Román & al. 2003; Schneeweiss & al. 2004; Carlón & al. 2005: 62), contrary to what some authors seem to think (e.g., Beck 1930; Uhlich & al. 1995: 11). Moreover, O. densiflora is sometimes confused with O. foetida, it can be differentiated by an slightly aromatic odor, which is smoother and more pleasant than in the case of O. foetida (Carlón & al. 2005: 40).

Carlón & al. in Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 36, 37, 38 t. 13, 39 t. 14, 40, 61 f. 4 ["Phylogenetic relationships"], 64 (2005); Documentos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 6: 13, f. 2 [phylogenetic relationships] (2008).

Chromosomatic number: n = 38 (Palomeque & Sañudo 1981 [Cádiz, Spain]); 2n = 76 (Delay & Petit, 1971; Schneeweiss & al. 2004).

Ic.: a, inflorescences [yellow flowering forms; Tarifa, Spain]; b, bract, calyx-segments and pistil (ib.); c, inflorescences [yellow and red flowering (red stigma) forms; ib.]; d, red flowering form with red stigma (ib.); e, opened corolla showing stamens (ib.); f, corolla, in partial long-section showing pistil (ib.); g, bract and calyx-segments (ib.); h, shoot [yellow flowering form, ib.]; i, inflorescences [yellow and red (yellow stigma) flowering forms; Tarifa-Caraminal, Spain]; j, inflorescences [red flowering forms with yellow stigmas; ib.]; k, flowers [yellow and red flowering forms with yellow and red stigmas; Tarifa, Spain]; l, P 03428429 - Herb. E. Cosson, 18, Tánger [loc. class.]; m, Reichenbach, Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43, t. 687 f. 922. 1829 (Tangier, Morocco, sub O. crinita); n, Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: t. 4 f. 71 (1890); o, Orobanche foetida (10504) vs O. densiflora (13488) vs O. crinita (11204); p, Orobanche foetida (13482) vs O. densiflora (11759) [bracts and calyces].

Distribution: Mediterranean Region distribution: Algeria [unconfirmed], Italy [unconfirmed], Malta [unconfirmed], Morocco, Portugal [unconfirmed], Sardinia [unconfirmed], Spain, Sicily [unconfirmed] and Tunisia. Iberian Peninsula distribution.

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Specimens examined and literature records.

Algeria / الجزائر‎ / Argelia / Algérie [unconfirmed, although it was cited by Battandier (1890: 660, sub O. densiflora Salzman.), this mention seems to be erroneous]

Oran Province: "Oran (Munby)" (Battandier 1890: 660, sub O. densiflora Salzman.) [unconfirmed (Beck 1930: 300, sub O. sanguinea f. loriformis)].

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Italy / Italia / Italien [unconfirmed] (Bertoloni 1846: 444, sub O. densiflora)

Apulia / Puglia

Foggia (FG): "Orobanche densiflora / Italy - Peschici (comuni) (IT) [41°56'11.8"N 16°05'11.4"E 41.936600, 16.086500] / cees witkamp / 2017-04-14" (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2839879870 - https://observation.org/observation/138375696/; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, sub O. cf. minor).

Sardinia / Sardegna / Cerdeña [unconfirmed] (Domina & Arrigoni 2007: 134)

Sardinia: "Ann. Habui ex Castel Sardo [Province of Sassari] in Sardinia septentrionali ab Eq. Prof. Vivianio, qui confundebat eam cum sequente" (Bertoloni 1846: 444, sub O. densiflora); "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (in Candolle, Prodr. 11: 19. 1847) was reported from Castelsardo (Bertoloni 1846), based on a specimen collected by Viviani (BOLO!) that belongs to O. litorea Guss. Moris (1858-59) had seen it in Viviani’s own herbarium, mixed with O. crinita. Beck (1890) considered "O. densiflora" in the sense of Moris and Bertoloni as a variant of O. minor Sm. Nevertheless, O. densiflora is, although doubtfully, recorded for Sardinia by Chater & Webb (1972), and fully so by Conti & al. (2005)." (Domina & Arrigoni 2007: 134).

Sicily / Sicilia / Sizilien [unconfirmed] (Domina & Mazzola 2007: 226-227, sub O. sanguinea f. crinita (Viv.) Beck)

Sicilia: the Sicilian records may be due to confusion between O. densiflora and littoral specimens with dense inflorescences of O. sanguinea C. Presl [= O. crinita Viv. = O. sanguinea var. maritima Lojac.]. E.g., "FI / Plantae siculae rariores / 463. Orobanche sanguinea Presl / del. Prag. p. / O. densiflora Salzm. (Auch) / var. maritima mihi monogr. / orob. ined. / In sylvaticis herbosis maritimi / mayo 1881 ... in Gallo parte di / Sferracavallo / leg. M. Lojacono." (Domina & Mazzola 2007: 226-227, sub O. sanguinea f. crinita (Viv.) Beck).

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Malta [unconfirmed] (Beck 1930: 194, loc. class. of O. densiflora var. melitensis)

Malta: "a) O. densiflora Salzm. / f. melitensis m. / differt a typo dentibus calycis / partium alte connatis, corolla subcopiose / glandulosa, glabrescens. / Ein kleines Exemplar / behalten! / Sehr interessanter Standort!" // b) Stéphen Sommier – Plantae Melitenses / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / f. melitensis m. / Beck / Insula Melita (hodie Malta) / Marfa – in litore arenoso. / 4 Maii 1907 legi / ex albo-flavescens / 55 // c) Holotypus" (FI 002514 - https://parlatore.msn.unifi.it/img72/FI002514.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, yellowish-white form of O. sanguinea); "Auf der Insel Malta an der Küste bei Marfa, im Mai (Sommier in der Var. β!)" (Beck 1930: 194, loc. class. of O. densiflora var. melitensis); Malta (S. Mifsud, sub O. densiflora f. melitensis Beck; accessed 2009).

N. B. "Lo studio del materiale originale, conservato a Firenze (FI!), ha permesso di riferire questo taxon a O. sanguinea C. Presl. ... escludono la presenza di Orobanche densiflora Bertol. dal territorio italiano e da Malta." (Domina & Soldano 2009).

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Morocco / المغرب‎, / Marruecos / Marokko (Reichenbach 1829: 43, sub Orobanche crinita sensu Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43, t. 687 f. 922; Reuter 1847: 19, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora)

Grand Casablanca [unconfirmed]

Casablanca: "Casa Blanca [Casablanca / Ad Dār al Baydā', N 33° 35' 24'' W 7° 36' 36''] !" (Ball 1877-1878: 604; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora).

Marrakesh-Safi / Marrakech-Asfi

Essaouira Province: "Essaouira [31°35'27.0"N 9°40'51.6"W 31.590835, -9.680992 ], Maroc, 18 Feb 2004" (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103226323 by Errol Vela [https://www.inaturalist.org/people/abounabat], sub O. minor, in iNaturalist; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022 [need to be confirmed, see yellow forms of O. foetida]); "Essaouira [31°32'33.3"N 9°43'57.9"W 31.542580, -9.732758], 22 Apr 2017" (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3499459767 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106598530 by B.-J. Seitz, sub O. foetida, in iNaturalist; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, sub O. densiflora [red form with yellow stigma], need to be confirmed, see forms of O. foetida]).

Iles Purpuraires: "B. Balansa, Plante du Maroc, 1867 / Orobanche foetida Desf. (Coss.) / Stigmates d'un jaune rougeâtre. / Parasite sur Lotus Salzmanni [Lotus creticus L.] / Mogador Mai" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p03428652 - P 03428652.jpg - hb. E. Cosson - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/02/14/10/P03428652.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/474946710 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/79982A55521145408E432EEF9CF49D36; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2014 [need to be confirmed, see O. foetida]); idem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02978306 - P 02978306.jpg - hb. E. Drake - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/10/13/10/P02978306.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438105665 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/2A4742965D5245DCB570D875568A1792; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2014 [need to be confirmed, see O. foetida]); idem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02978374 - P 02978374.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/10/13/11/P02978374.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/439438655 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/4E4A163EEF9640438EA8F616CCED0A90; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2014 [need to be confirmed, see O. foetida]); ibidem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p03428420 - P 03428420.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/02/14/10/P03428420.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/474892243 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/1D2BCE4EFCE6445B8CD5D396AC29CF67; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2014 [need to be confirmed, see O. foetida]).

Safi Province: 1. "D^r R. Maire - Iter Maroccanum septimum / 1924 / Orobanche crinita Viv. / Prope urbem Saffi [Safi]: in Loto arenario [Lotus arenarius Brot. = Lotus aurantiacus Boiss. = Lotus maroccanus var. simulans Maire] parasitasecus viam ad promontor. Soloim ducentem / 18-4". – 2. "O. foetida Poiret / Anno 2000 Determinavit. A. Pujadas" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/um/collection/mpu/item/mpu064648 - MPU 064648.jpg - hb. Maire - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1424839881 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/AF059F12A0E345F8A37B70EF686DF965; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2022, cf. O. foetida [controversial form, see O. densiflora]); idem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/um/collection/mpu/item/mpu064649 - MPU 064649.jpg - hb. Maire - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1424839891 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/9E7C1ACAAE2E40BA8C7F5F1C62BE0716; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2022, cf. O. foetida [controversial form, see O. densiflora]); "Prope urbem Saffi, 18-IV-1924, R. Maire, MPU" (Pujadas & al. 2003: 742, sub O. foetida var. foetida).

Tangier-Tetouan (Reichenbach 1829: 43, sub Orobanche crinita sensu Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43, t. 687 f. 922; Reuter 1847: 19, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora)

Tanger-Assilah: "Near Tangier. M. Durand. 1803. N.º 32 // Det.-Rev. M.J.Y. Foley 2.iii.2000" (LINN-HS1087-2, O. densiflora in Jstor; accessed Nov 2014); "Orobanche densiflora mihi [Salzmann] / in sabulosis maritimis c. Tanger // O. crinita Viv." (W 1889-0082394; type of O. densiflora Salzm., det. M.J.Y. Foley II-1995); "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Tanger in sabulosis maritimis / ..." (MZM 5963, MZM5963a); "Orobanche densiflora / Tanger in sabulosis maritimis" (MPU 021201, isosyntype of O. densiflora in Jstor; accessed Nov 2014); "Orobanche densiflora Salzmann / Salzmann 1835. / Tanger in sabulosis maritimis // Orobanche densiflora S. / Tanger in sabulosis maritimis" (MPU 021202, isosyntype of O. densiflora in Jstor; accessed, Nov. 2014); "Orobanche densiflora mihi / Herb. Salzmann / in sabulosis maritimis c. Tanger. Majo" (MPU 021203, isosyntype of O. densiflora in Jstor; accessed Nov 2014); "Herbarium Regium Monacense / Orobanche densiflora / ... / Tanger in sabulosis maritimis / Legt. et ... Salzmann / Herb. Zuccarinii" (M 0185486, isosyntype of O. densiflora in Jstor; accessed Nov 2014); 1. "Orobanche foetida / in sabulosis maritimis pr. Tanger". – 2. "Orobanche foetida Desf. / Salzmann! / Tanger M. Salzmann." (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02978383 - P 02978383.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/10/13/11/P02978383.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/438105668 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/8903E4B8A0644C94AC4D9C051DB846D3; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2014); "Orobanche foetida Desf. / ... / Tanger / P. Salzmann 1781-1851" (http://id.luomus.fi/C.370913 - http://id.luomus.fi/MY.7849662 - https://id.digitarium.fi/api/C.370913/Preview001.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3440002556; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022 [red form?]); 1. "Orobanche: / spicâ conicâ floribus minoribus / ... / Tanger / Herb. Pavon". – 2. "Orobanche densiflora Salzm.! / Reuter in DC prod. / Orobanche crinita Rchb. pl. crit. ...". – 3. "Leg. Pavon"· (G 00383153 - hb. Boissier - G00383153 - n° SIB 289130/1 - https://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?id=294813; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2016, type of O. densiflora); "In arenosis maritimis regni Maroccani prope Tingidem [loc. class., Tangier, N 35° 46' 48'' W 5° 48' 36''] (Salzm.! Schousb. [see O. foetida] in h. Pavon! nunc Boiss.)" (Reuter 1847: 19, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora); "in sabulosis maritimis circa Tanger; Salzmann." (Reichenbach 1829: 43, sub Orobanche crinita sensu Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 43, t. 687 f. 922); "Tanger (Salzm. Exsicc.)! Ad ostium fluminis Tetuanensis (1851)! Specimen a G. Maw fere eodem loco lectum (1869) in Herb. Kew.!" (Ball 1877-1878: 604; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora; K - Hookerianum 0004251200 [!, this specimen was probably collected by Salzmann in Tanger (Morocco)]); 1. "Iter algeriensi-hispanicum. / Orobanche densiflora Desf. / Mauritania / Tanger / Anno 1849. Leg. Boissier & Reuter". – 2. "Det. M.J.Y. Foley, 2.1995 / Orobanche densiflora Salzm." (W - Rchb. 1889-0082393 - https://w.jacq.org/W18890082393 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=130725 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1230987940; sub O. densiflora); "Cabo Espartel, Tánger" (Pau 1924: 371, [unconfirmed]); a) "Herb. Mus. Paris / Orobanche densiflora / Salzmann! / Tanger / M. Salzmann", b) "Orobanche densiflora Slzm. cat. / Tanger, in sabulosis maritimis" (P 02978276; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011, isotypus); "Nº 226 / Orobanche foetida Desf.! Boiss.! / non DC! / ... / Tanger sables maritimes. Sur le / Lotus arenarius [Lotus creticus L.?]! mayo 1849 / Reuter" (P 03428648 - hb. E. Cosson; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2014 [only one specimen close to its label]); "Orobanche foetida Desf.! / Tanger arenis maritimes, ad rad. / Lotus arenarii [L. creticus L.?] mayo 1849 / Reuter" (P 03428647 - hb. E. Cosson; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Oct 2014 [the sheet contains two specimens, one of these appears to be O. densiflora but the other (the right of the pair) is from J. Ball's 1851 and this seems to correspond to O. foetida]); 1. "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Tanger, in dunis arenosis / in radice Loti Salzmnnii [L. creticus L.] / mayo 1849 / Reuter [m. Reuter]". – 2. "Salzmann. Plantae Tingitanae exsiccatae. Distr. 1824 / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Tanger, in sabulosis maritimis / 1835". – 3. "Boissier et Reuter / Iter Algeriensi-Hispanicum. / Orobanche densiflora Salzm! / O. crinita Rchb. non Viv. / Tanger / sur les dunes de sables blanc / pres la mer. parasite sur un / Lotus (L. Salzmanni Boissier et Reut. [L. creticus L.]) / leger. Boissier et Reuter [m. Reuter] / Maio 1849." (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p03428429 - P 03428429 - Herb. E. Cosson, 18 - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/02/14/10/P03428429.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/474955983 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/E801E24D19324F129B3D7F33900BA253; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011 [the sheet contains three specimens (each of them next to its label) and all of them correspond to O. densiflora]); "Orobanche foetida Desf.! non DC. / Tanger arenis maritimes / sur le Lotus arenarius [L. creticus L.?]! april 1849 / Reuter" (P 02978385; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); "... 1926 Orobanche densiflora Salzm / ... prope Tingidem / ... / leg. E. Wilczek, 28-3" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/um/collection/mpu/item/mpu064660 - MPU 064660.jpg - hb. Maire - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1424839901 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/DC1D09A2F0D54370B4A2C99C466AE563; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022); "Harald Linberg, Iter Maroccanum 1926. / 1389 Orobanche densiflora Salzm / (floribus albis pannis [?]) / Morocco bor., prope opp. Tanger, in arenosis / maritium, in rad. Loti Salzmnnii [L. creticus L.] / 26.4 leg. et det. Harald Linberg" (http://id.luomus.fi/C.370861 - http://id.luomus.fi/MY.7849454 - C 370861.jpg- https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3439610870; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022); idem (http://id.luomus.fi/C.370860 - http://id.luomus.fi/MY.7849450 - C 370860.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3439587973; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022).

N.B. O. densiflora, O. foetida, O. sanguinea [incl. O. crinita] and O. variegata are four relatively close species which are probably all present on the northern coast of Morocco and Algeria (cf., e.g., Ball 1878: 604; Pau 1924: 371; K 000425199-202 [mixed gathering of different specimens from Algeria and Morocco]). This could be a possible source of misidentifications, specially with the less typical specimens.

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Portugal [unconfirmed] (Gandoger 1901: 409; Guimarães 1904: 147-148, loc. class. of O. densiflora var. macraixma; Gandoger 1917: 273, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1930: 194, sub O. densiflora; Kreutz 1995: 13, sub O. densiflora)

Algarve (Ag) (Gandoger 1901: 409; Gandoger 1917: 273, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1930: 194, sub O. densiflora; Kreutz 1995: 13, sub O. densiflora)

Faro District: Castro Marim [N 37° 13' 0'' W 7° 26' 0''] (Gandoger 1901: 409; Gandoger 1917: 273, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1930: 194) [unconfirmed]; "Aljezur ...14-4-1994" [N 37° 19' 0'' W 8° 48' 0'', yellow flowering form! parasitic on Ononis natrix (cf.)] (Kreutz 1995: 13, sub O. densiflora); "8670-156 Vale da Telha [37°18'20.8"N 8°50'43.9"W 37.305789, -8.845527, Aljezur], 23 May 2021" (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/79990468 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/79990468 by nevesan in iNaturalist; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, sub O. foetida form yellow and robust, with dense inflorescence and parasitic on Ononis natrix (cf.)).

N. B. Thorogood has only seen robust yellow forms of O. foetida (pers. comm., 2010).

Baixo Alentejo (BAL) [Alentejo Region]

Beja District: "N.º 20 Herbarium lusitanicum / J. Daveau / Orobanche densiflora Salzm / Jachères près de Serpa [Beja District] / Mai 1882" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419811 - P 04419811.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/27/3/P04419811.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/465178137 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/308AB8C8D51C481AA87F4BD89D76FB5C; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011 [the sheet contains four specimens (each of them next to its label), three of them correspond to Orobanche densiflora from Cádiz (Spain) and the fourth (the Daveau's specimen) seems to correspond to O. gracilis from Serpa (see also O. rapum-genistae)]); "Alemtejo littoral: — Collina da margem esquerda do Tejo (parasita da Thrincia hispida Rth., Daveau!)" (Guimarães 1904: 147-148, loc. class. of O. densiflora var. macraixma); "Alentejo: Serpa" (Gandoger 1917: 273, sub O. densiflora).

Estremadura (E): "Centro littoral: Arredores de Lisboa: Tapada da Ajuda (parasita da Carlina corymbosa L., Welwitsch! 1846)" (Guimarães 1904: 147-148, loc. class. of O. densiflora var. macraixma).

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Spain / España / Espagne / Spanien (Reichenbach 1829: 43, sub Orobanche crinita sensu; Cosson 1849: 42, sub O. densiflora; Willkomm 1870: 622, sub O. densiflora; Willkomm 1893: 187, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora; Gandoger 1917: 273, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1930: 194; Carlón & al. 2005: 39, sub O. densiflora; Pujadas 2008: 363, holótipo of O. densiflora var. tarifae)

Andalusia / Andalucía

Cádiz (Ca): "Civis Europae maxime australis et Barbariae" (Reichenbach 1829: 43, sub Orobanche crinita); 1. "E. Bourgeau, Pl. d'Espagne, 1849. / 376. Orobanche densiflora, Salzm.! / (Reuter.) / Dans les sables mouvants entre Santa Cathalina [Castle of Santa Catalina] et Puerto / Santa Maria, parasite sur le Lotus Creticus. / 17 Mars.". – 2. "Herb. Mus. Paris / O. densiflora Salzm. / Baetica" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419805 - P 04419805.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/27/3/P04419805.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/465178139 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/93A6BDDF66AF47EFAD0C06595D872A1D; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); 1. "E. Bourgeau, Pl. d'Espagne, 1849. / 376. Orobanche densiflora, Salzm.! / (Reuter.) / Dans les sables mouvants entre Santa Cathalina [Castle of Santa Catalina] et Puerto / Santa Maria, parasite sur le Lotus Creticus. / 17 Mars.". – 2. "Herb. Mus. Paris / O. densiflora Salzm. / Baetica". – 3. "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / det. M.J.Y. Foley I.1998" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419809 - P 04419809.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/27/3/P04419809.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/465035164 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/206BA4D878304D3D8BCF1972BAA1587D; Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); idem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419806 - P 04419806.jpg - herbier E. Drake - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/27/3/P04419806.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/464794202 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/10F1F89C2AC94722BDD922C7CE7E813B; rev. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); ibidem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04385361 - P 04385361.jpg - https://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/28/2/P04385361.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/465113342 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/ACE96C95A23D4F9EA534C6E81986D6B4; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011 [only a small specimen attached to the host-plant, the bigger specimen is O. gracilis]); idem (P 04410456 - Herbier L. Giraudias ex Ecole Normale Sup.; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); "Orobanche densiflora Salz. / Andalusie, Bourgeau" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419804 - P 04419804.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/27/3/P04419804.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/464878865 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/70ED8E418D154C14999333FEDA4EDD5E; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011 [the sheet contains two specimens]); "In arenosis maritimis agri Gaditani prope Puerto Santa Maria, in radicibus Loti Cretici parasítica! (E. Bourgeau, pl. Esp. 1849, n. 576). Cette espèce, nouvelle pour l'Europe, a été déterminée par M. Reuter, qui a bien voulu se charger de l'étude des plantes de la famille des Orobanchées recueillies par M. Bourgeau." (Cosson 1849: 42, sub O. densiflora); "Cadix" (Nyman 1854-1855: 130; Nyman 1881: 559, "Exs. Bourg. hisp. a. 1849. 376"); "Baet. (pr. Pto. de Sta. Maria [N 36° 35' 38'' W 6° 13' 58''], Bourg.)" (Willkomm 1870: 622, sub O. densiflora; Colmeiro 1888: 276; Beck 1890: 233; Gandoger 1917: 273, sub O. densiflora); 1. "Reise durch Spanien und Portugal / Orobanche densiflora Salz. / inter Palmones et Algeciras / 17/4 1876 M. Winkler". – 2. "Reise durch das südliche Spanien 1873 / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Palmones, p Algeciras / in radice Leguminosam / 10 May M. Winkler" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419811 - P 04419811.jpg - http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2011/12/27/3/P04419811.jpg - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/465178137 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/308AB8C8D51C481AA87F4BD89D76FB5C; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011 [the sheet contains four specimens (each of them next to its label), three of them correspond to Orobanche densiflora from Cádiz and the fourth (the Daveau's specimen) seems to correspond to O. gracilis from Serpa (see also O. rapum-genistae)]); "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Hispania: In radicibus Loti cretici / pr. Algeciras / In itinere hispanico-lusitanico / 17-IV-1876 leg. E. Hackel" (W 0021305.jpg - https://w.jacq.org/W0021305 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=130726; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2011); "entre Algésiras et San-Roque (Winkl.), à Algésiras (Rev.)" (Debeaux & Dautez 1889: 154, sub densiflora); "Reise durch das südliche Spanien 1873. / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Algeciras, Palmones, in Loto / cretico [Lotus creticus L.] et Medicago marina [Medicago marina L.] / 10.5. R. Fritze." (COI 00056875 - http://coicatalogue.uc.pt/specimen/56875; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Mar 2012); "pr. Palmones [N 36° 11' 0'' W 5° 26' 0''] et Algeciras [N 36° 7' 39'' W 5° 27' 14''] ad radic. Loti cretici [Lotus creticus L.] et Medicag. marinae [Medicago marina L.] (Fritze!, Winkler! 1873, Reverch., 1887" (Willkomm 1893: 187, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1890: 233, sub O. densiflora; Beck 1930: 194); "Sanlúcar de Barrameda [N 36° 47' 0'' W 6° 21' 0''] (Colm.)" (Colmeiro 1888: 276); "Algeciras, Palmones in Loto cretico et Medicago marina, 10-V-1873, R. Fritze, MAF 36183 & COI-Hº Willkomm (citado en Willkomm, 1893: 187)" (Pujadas & al. 2007: 20); Cerca de Sanlúcar [de Barrameda], [29SQA37] ... Puerto de Santa María, 29SQA45 ... entre Algeciras [N 36° 7' 20'' W 5° 26' 40''] y San Roque, 30STF70 (Pérez Lara 1889 in Anthos, accessed 8 Mar 2010); Orobanche densiflora, "between La Paloma [Punta Paloma] and Bolonia near Tarifa", 1975.04.22 (Stridvall L. & A., Plant Galleries, accessed 8 Mar 2010); "Litoral gaditano, costa de Algeciras" (Valdés 1987: 554); 1. "Herbarium M.J.Y. Foley / Flora of Spain / Orobanche sanguinea Presl s.l. / Possibly of hybrid origen xO. foetida Poir. ? / Zahara de los Atunes, Cadiz Province, in / coastal dune meadow probably parasitic on / Medicago sp. (also Lotus sp.). Occupied slight / depressions in two places in dunes - but quite / separate habitat from O. densiflora Salzm. which / is abundant here. Whole plant and stigma lobes / deep wine red / nº. 243 Leg. M.J.Y. Foley / Date 26/27-IV-1993 Det. M.J.Y. Foley / This plant is under further investigation and is / possibly a subsp. nov. - MJYF (1993)". – 2. "Holotype Orobanche crinita Viv. var. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley". – 3. " Holotype Orobanche crinita Viv. subsp. occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley". – 4. "Orobanche crinita Viviviani subsp. / occidentalis M.J.Y. Foley / Fide M.J.Y. Foley 4-2-1998". – 5. "Orobanche sanguinea / of possible hybrid origen xO. foetida Poir. / Determinavit M.J.Y. Foley MJYF I/1995" (http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00053427 - E 00053427.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/574923251; holotype of O. crinita var. occidentalis; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, sub O. foetida); "Zahara de los Atunes, 1996, Foley, s.n. (v.v.); Punta Paloma, 1973, Smythies 793 (LTR!) ... forma de coloración rojiza" (Foley 2001b: 54-55); "O. densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (yellow-flowered form) - AY209243: Spain, Andalucía, province of Cádiz, coast near Conil de la Frontera, 0-5 m, on Lotus creticus (Fabaceae), GS & HW (WU: S&T 8733); AY960725: Spain, Andalucía, province of Cádiz, coastal area of the Paloma Baja E to NE of Punta Paloma, 0-40 m, on Lotus creticus (Fabaceae), WG (Herb. Gutermann 37440); O. densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. (red-flowered form) - AY960727: Spain, Andalucía, province of Cádiz, coastal area of the Paloma Baja E to NE of Punta Paloma, 0-40 m, on Lotus creticus (Fabaceae), W. Gutermann (Herb. Gutermann 37439)" (Carlón & al. 2005: 64, sub O. densiflora); Tarifa, dunas de Bolonia, 30STE4997, 5 m, dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0011/2004, 15.02.2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11698 [yellow and red flowering forms]); Tarifa, dunas de Punta Paloma, 30STE5694, 15 m, dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral, 15/02/2004 (obs.); Cádiz, Junto al Ventorrillo del Chato —playa de Cortadura—, 29SQA4541, 2 m, sobre (!) Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0036/2004, 09/04/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11744 [yellow flowering forms]); Tarifa, dunas de Zahara de los Atunes, 30STF4402, 2 m, sobre Lotus creticus L. y Medicago marina L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0040/2004, 09.04.2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11751); Tarifa, dunas de Punta Paloma, 30STF5694, 20 m, sobre (!) Ononis variegata L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0046/2004, 10/04/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11758); Tarifa, dunas de Punta Paloma, 30STF5694, 20 m, sobre (!) Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0047/2004, 10/04/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11759 [yellow and red flowering forms]) (Carlón & al. 2005: 39, sub O. densiflora); Tarifa, dunas de Punta Paloma, 30STF5694, 20 m, sobre (!) Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0048/2004, 10/04/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11760 [red flowering forms]); Tarifa, dunas de Punta Paloma, 30STF5694, 20 m, sobre (!) Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0049/2004, 10/04/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11761 [yellow flowering forms]); Tarifa, bajo el faro Camarinal [pr. "Urb. Atlanterra"] —Zahara de los Atunes—, 30TSF4797, 20 m, sobre Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0091/2004, 22/05/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11846 [yellow and red flowering forms]); Tarifa, Zahara de los Atunes, 30TSF4401, 2 m, sobre Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral, 22/05/2004 (obs. [yellow flowering forms]); Tarifa, bajo el faro Camarinal [pr. "Urb. Atlanterra"] —Zahara de los Atunes—, 30TSF4797, 20 m, sobre (!) Lotus creticus L. (Leguminosae), dunas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0092/2004, 22/05/2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11847) (Carlón & al. 2005: 38, sub O. densiflora); Spanien, prov. Càdiz, Atlantik-Küste NW von Tarifa, SE von Zahara de los Atunes, N- Ende des Strandes SE von Cabo de Plata; 5-10 m S. M.; 36°06'04" N / 05°49'05" W, Vitek, E. 06-0014, 2006-04-13 (W 2006-0017067 - https://w.jacq.org/W20060017067 - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=139760 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1230991310 ); "I think Orobanche densiflora, maybe ... Cádiz ... (mapa) ... 19 de abril de 2006" (Harry, R. in www.flickr.com, accessed 3 Mar 2010); Barbate, en el Parque Natural de la Breña y Marismas de Barbate, 30STF3408, 90 m, junto a Lotus cytisoides [Lotus creticus L.], suelos arenosos, J.A. García Rojas, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral, 26.03.2007 (obs.); "Orobanche densiflora, fotografiado en el tómbolo de Trafalagar en Barbate", Junio 5, 2006 (Juanjo in Hablando en verde, accessed 8 Mar 2010); "Puntualmente abundante en cordones dunares y arenas interiores de origen marítimo. Principalmente parasita a Lotus creticus aunque en esta ocasión se instaló sobre Ononis dentata. La foto se tomó en la primavera de 2007 en Cabo Roche, Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz)" (R. Sánchez Carrión in Fotonatura, www.fotonatura.org, accessed Mar 2010); O. densiflora, "Arenales costeros / ... / Costa del Estrecho, CA [Cádiz]" (Quiles Hoyo in http://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/Orobanchaceae.htm; accessed 23 May 2009); "pinares de Barbate dentro de P.N.La Breña, el dia 10 de Mayo de 2008 / ... / Orobanche densiflora. Jopo. Planta parásita de leguminosas. Abundante en cordones dunares y arenas interiores de origen marítimo. Principalmente parasita a Lotus creticus" (Joaquín in Tercera Ruta Botánica del Grupo Senderista el Batolito, Picasa, accessed Mar 2010); municipality of Barbate, W of the Yerbabuena beach, near Barbate village, 30STF3408, 20 m, next to Lotus creticus L. and Ononis natrix subsp. ramosissima, G. Moreno Moral, 2 Apr 2010 (obs.); ib., Pinar de Barbate, near Barbate village, 30STF3409, 95 m, slope on the road, G. Moreno Moral, 2 Apr 2010 (obs.); municipality of Tarifa, Punta Paloma dunes (at the Macotilla place), near Casas de las Palomas, 30STE5694, 20 m, next to Lotus creticus L., Moreno Moral MM0024/2010, 2 Apr 2010 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 13487) [we only gathered a red flowering specimen, but we could see hundreds of specimens of this species in these dunes]; municipality of Barbate, the Calderas beach, near Zahora village, 29SQA6510, 5 m, parasitic on (!) Lotus creticus L. in tertiary dunes, G. Moreno Moral MM0025/2010, 3 Apr. 2010 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 13488) [very abundant in some places of the Calderas beach. In this beach I have seen dry specimens of the last year and I have also seen a great number of flowering and sprouting specimens of this year. Here, the stream of San Ambrosio will sink into the sand just before emptying into the sea. I went to this place to investigate the following record of Orobanche var. foetida: "estuario arroyo San Ambrosio, Caños de Meca, 20-II-2002, E. Sánchez Gullón & P. Weickert, COA 37523 (Pujadas & al. 2007: 108)". I found no specimen of this species, but the estuary was not surveyed extensively (see O. foetida)]; "Orobanche densiflora var. tarifae A. Pujadas / Esp.: Cádiz [Andalucía / Andalusia], Tarifa, Playa del Cañuelo, c. Faro / Camarinal, 36°05'23.0"N 5°48'19.6"W 36.089717, -5.805433, 9 m, / Fecha: 10-V-2008, Leg. A. Pujadas / Det.: A. Pujadas" (COA 45361, holotype of O. densiflora var. tarifa); idem (SALA 136763, isotype of O. densiflora var. tarifa in Jstor; accessed Nov 2014); idem (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02428258 - P 02428258.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1019616966 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/A95F08752B6249F3969E08B4CEFE4DF5, isotype of O. densiflora var. tarifa); "Cádiz, Tarifa, Playa del Cañuelo, c. Faro Camarinal, 36º 5,383 N 5º 48,326 W, 9 m, 10-V-2008, A. Pujadas, COA45361" (Pujadas 2008: 363, holótipo of O. densiflora var. tarifae); "Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut. / España: [Andalucía,] Cádiz: Chiclana de la Frontera. Sancti-Petri / 25.II.2016 / 36°23'17.0"N 6°12'24.0"W 36.388060, -6.206670 / Arenales. / P. Escobar García 46-2016" (https://w.jacq.org/W20180012049 - W 2018-0012049.jpg - https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=1475295 - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2597553417; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022); "Playa de El Balneario, Tarifa [36°00'37.1"N 5°36'31.5"W 36.010314, -5.608742], 7 May 2022" (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3773428238 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/115913248 by Alexandre Justo in iNaturalist; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022!).

Málaga (Ma) [erroneous]: "Plantes de l'Andalousie. 1889. / E. Reverchon / Nº / Orobanche densiflora Salzm. / Ronda sur les Lavandes. / 8 Juin" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p04419807 - P 04419807.jpg - hb. Drake - http://www.gbif.org/occurrence/465035165 - https://explore.recolnat.org/occurrence/E864A42A281A49A2A5299146488B9B66; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Nov 2022, sub O. rapum-genistae).

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Tunisia / تونس / Tunisie / Túnez (Raffaelli & Ricceri 1989; Le Floc’h & al. 2010) [n.v.]

Nabeul / Nābil: "Ce taxon ibéro-maghrébin, à fleurs jaune clair, a été relevé, pour la première fois en Tunisie entre El Haouaria et Ras Adar (Cap Bon), le 13.04.1986, par Raffaelli & Ricceri [Candollea 41: 99 (1989)]" (Le Floc’h & al. 2010: 273).

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