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Accepted Name - Basionymum / Basionym - Synonyms - Ind. loc. [Indicatio locotypica (type locality)] - Lectotypus [Lectotype] - Designated by - Host - Comments - Chromosomatic number - Ic. [Images] - Distribution - Specimens Examined - References - Authors - Cite us ISSN: 2386-9666 - Last Updated: 6 September 2022 |
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Accepted Name: Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 103 (1874) [Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 11: 103 (1874 [post 10 Mar 1874])] Basionymum / Basionym: ≡ Orobanche ramosa L., Sp. Pl.: 633 (1753) Synonyms: Homotypic synonyms: ≡ Kopsia ramosa (L.) Dumort., Comment. Bot.: 16 (1822), nom. rejic. (ICNB - Tokyo Code, Index Kopsia - 6626 Angiospermae, Dicotyledones, Metachlamydeae 6165-9629, accessed Feb 2006; Vienna Code, 2006 Appendix III Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda - E3. Dicotyledones, accessed Jun 2009). Obs. "K. ramosa Dum (3), ... (3) Orobanche ramosa, C. Mey.— Nunca vi exemplares portuguęses ..." (sec. Sampaio, Lista Esp. Herb. Portug.: 116. 1913 [of course, we think Sampaio was probably right]) ≡ Phelypaea ramosa (L.) C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 104 (1831) ≡ Orobanche ramosa var. genuina Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 88 (1890) ["Variat: ... α. genuina = Orobanche ramosa L."], nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3) ≡ Orobanche ramosa f. genuina (Beck) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 72 (1930), nom. inval. [not validly published] (Turland & al. 2018: Art. 24.3) Heterotypic synonyms: ? = Orobanche micrantha Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 315 (1822). Syn.: = Orobanche Flore Minore, Hirsuto purpurascente, Chabrey, Stirpium icones et sciagraphia: 257 f. 2 (1677), pre-Linnaean name, not validly published ["Legumen"]; = "Orobanche minor, purpureis floribus, ramosa Chabraei p. 257" (Chabrey, Stirpium icones et sciagraphia: 257. 1677)], Ruppius, Flora jenensis [3 ed.]: 238 (1745) (Wallroth 1824: 315; Skočdopolová & Chrtek 2008: 28, "have not yet been found in the herbarium PR"). Obs. see P. nana = Orobanche du chanvre Vaucher, Monogr. Orobanch.: 67 [-69, t. 16] (1827), nom. inv. [name was not validly published]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche cannabis Duby, Bot. Gall.: 351 (1828), pro syn.; ≡ Orobanche cannabios F.W. Schultz in Bot. Lit.-Blätt. 5: 500 (1830) ["29. O. Cannabios (O. ramosa Auct.)"], pro syn. Ind. loc.: "répandue dans toute l'Europe, croît sur le chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.]" (Wallroth 1822: 315, "Ad Cannabeos Sativae [Cannabis sativa L.] radicen parasiticam ubertin viget prope Wiehe, Hechendorf et alibi. Jul."; Reichenbach 1829: 48, "Omnium vulgatissima per omnem fere Europam sparsa ... in Cannabi nempe et Nicotianae") = Orobanche cannabis Duby, Bot. Gall.: 351 (1828), pro syn. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche du chanvre Vaucher, Monogr. Orobanch.: 67 (1827). Obs. "in agris parasitica Cannabi sativae [Cannabis sativa L.]" (Duby 1828: 351) = Orobanche cannabios F.W. Schultz in Bot. Lit.-Blätt. 5: 500 (1830) ["29. O. Cannabios (O. ramosa Auct.)"], pro syn. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche du chanvre Vaucher, Monogr. Orobanch.: 67 (1827). Obs. "Orobanche ramosa L. auf Hanf [Cannabis sativa L.], Kartoffeln [Solanum tuberosum L.] und Tabak [Nicotiana tabacum L.]" (Schultz 1830: 504) = Orobanche ramosa var. polyclonos Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 64 (1825). Syn.: ≡ Kopsia ramosa var. typica f. polyclonos (Wallr.) Bég., Fl. Italia 2: 471 ( 1902); = Orobanche Minor Purpureis Floribus, ramosa, Chabrey, Stirpium icones et sciagraphia: 257 f. 3 (1677), nom. inval. ["in agris Cannabi"]; = Orobanche ramosa L., Sp. Pl.: 633 (1753) (Wallroth, 1824: 315, 1825: 64) = Orobanche ramosa var. monoclonos Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 64 (1825). Syn.: ≡ Kopsia ramosa var. typica f. monoclonos (Wallr.) Bég., Fl. Italia 2: 471 ( 1902); ≡ Phelypaea ramosa var. monoclonos (Wallr.) Rouy in Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 11: 159 (1909); = Orobanche ramosa var. genuina f. monoclonos (Wallr.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 88 (1890); = Orobanche ramosa var. simplex Noulet, Fl. Bass. Sous-pyrén.: 490 (1837) (Beck 1890: 89; Rouy 1909: 159; Piwowarczyk, 2012: 54, sub O. ramosa) = Orobanche ramosa var. simplex Noulet, Fl. Bass. Sous-pyrén.: 490 (1837) ["ε. A Tige simple. Simplex. Nob."]. Syn.: = Orobanche ramosa var. monoclonos Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 64 (1825) (Beck 1890: 89; Rouy 1909: 159). Ind. loc. [Orobanche ramosa L.]: "H. Les champs sur les racines de chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] et de tabac [Nicotiana tabacum L.]. C. Toulouse [Midi-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, France]: dans les cultures de tabac, entre l'emboucure du Cana du Midi et le port de Blagnac" ≠ Phelypaea ramosa var. crassipes Ldb., Fl. Ross. 3: 313 (1849) ["δ crassipes"]. Syn.: = Phelypaea hohenackeri Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 10 (1847); = Phelipanche heldreichii (Reut.) Soják (1972). Ind. loc.: "in provinciis caucasicis [in tractu Suwant provinc. Talüsch ! [Zuvand / Zouvant, Talysh Mountains, Azerbaijan (Zuvand, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran)] (Hohenack.)" (Ledebour 1849: 313). Obs. "caule basi crassissimo, bracteis bracteolis calycisciue laciniis longius acuminatis" ≠ Phelypaea ramosa var. grandiflora Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3: 313 (1847) ["γ. grandiflora"] (Beck 1890: 101; Boulos 2002: 91). Syn.: = Phelypaea indica (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) G. Don (1838) (Ledebour 1849: 313); = Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel in Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 107 (1874) [Pomel in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 11: 107 (1874 [post 10 Mar 1874])]. Ind. loc.: "in provinciis caucassicis [provinc. Karabagh pr. Schuscha [Shusha / Shushi / Шуша, Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan! (Hohenack.)" (Ledebour 1849: 313) = Orobanche ramosa var. genuina f. monoclonos (Wallr.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 88 (1890). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche ramosa var. monoclonos Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 64 (1825) (Beck 1890: 89; Rouy, 1909: 159) = Kopsia ramosa var. typica f. polyclonos (Wallr.) Bég., Fl. Italia 2: 471 (1902) ["a. polyclonos Nob."], nom. rejic. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche ramosa var. polyclonos Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 64 (1825). Obs. Béguinot (1902) did not have a clear concept of Kopsia ramosa var. typica and he confused it with similar species = Kopsia ramosa var. typica f. monoclonos (Wallr.) Bég., Fl. Italia 2: 471 (1902) ["b. monoclonos Nob."]. Syn.: ≡ Orobanche ramosa var. monoclonos Wallr., Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 64 (1825) – Orobanche mutelii var. interrupta sensu Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 80 (1930) [p.p.], non Orobanche interrupta Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 181 (1806) [O. mutelii var. interrupta (Pers.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 80 (1930)], nec Orobanche ramosa sensu Thunb., Fl. Cap.: 454 (1825). Ind. loc.: "...cum formae intermediae ad ultimam transeuntes in Colonia Eritrea, Abessinia et in terris nubicis adsint ... In der Kolonie Eritrea: Bogos bei Keren [Cheren / Sanhit], Habab Nafko (circ. 16° nördl. Br., Hildebrandt!) [Eritrea Nile Land Habab, Hildebrandt, 511, partly]. — Abessinien (nach Dillon et Petit n. 238). — Somaliland: an der Tajura-Bucht (nach Lord) [French Somaliland Nile Land Gulf of Tajura, Lord!], im Meid [Maydh, Sanaag] Serrut Gebirge bei 1800 m, im April 1875 angeblich auf Ficus sycomorus (Hildebrandt!)." – Orobanche ramosa var. interrupta sensu Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 89 (1890) [p.p.], non Orobanche interrupta Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 181 (1806) [O. ramosa var. interrupta (Pers.) Beck in Biblioth. Bot. 19: 89 (1890)], nec Orobanche ramosa sensu Thunb., Fl. Cap.: 454 (1825). Ind. loc.: "In territorio ... et Abessynia ... Abessynia (β. in territ. Bogos pr. Keren; pr. Habab Nafka [l. Hildebrandt nr. 511], aliis locis [l. Dill, et Petit nr. 238])" |
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Ind. loc.: "Habitat in Europae siccis" (Linnaeus 1753: 633). Lectotypus / Lectotype: 1. "Orobanche ramosa floribus ... ramosa". – 2. "2 // p. 321 Orobanche 2 [Europe, Netherlands. Cultivated material from the garden of George Clifford III: Hartekamp Garden, Holland (Jstor, accessed May 2018)]" (BM 000646204) (The Natural History Museum, accessed Sep 2005). "Hort. cliff. 321" (Linnaeus 1753: 633). Designated by: M.J.Y. Foley in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58: 231 (2001). Host: P. ramosa is usually parasitic on cultivated alien species of Solanaceae and Cannabaceae, more rarely on other families (Piwowarczyk 2012: 54, sub O. ramosa; Gibot-Leclerc & al. 2012; Gibot-Leclerc & al. 2013; Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 46, sub P. ramosa; Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Orobanchaceae, accessed May 2019). Comments: Historical observation: species whose native status is uncertain. Archaeophyte?, probably introduced with the cultivation of Cannabis sp. (Companyo, 1864: 512, "en 1852 ... graines de chanvre géant apportées de la Chine par M. Itier", sub P. ramosa); (Piwowarczyk, 2012: 53, "The species probably travelled to Central Europe from Asia with hemp crops ca. 500 BC (Kreutz, 1995; Pusch and Günther, 2009)."). It was formerly widely recorded from the Iberian Peninsula and from the rest of Europe (Reichenbach, 1829: 48, "Omnium vulgatissima per omnem fere Europam sparsa ... in Cannabi nempe et Nicotianae"). Although nowadays we think that many of these records could be due to mistakes with allied species (e.g., P. nana). Today it is extinct in most parts of Iberian Peninsula, although it remains as a pestilent weed in many crops from Andalucia. Phylogenetic observations: "The dramatic spread of root holoparasite Orobanche ramosa L. (branched broomrape) has been observed in the last few years in France in fields of Brassica napus L., Nicotiana tabacum L., and Cannabis sativa L. ... These results led to the concept of host specificity and suggestions about the existence of three different pathovars in O. ramosa. Analysis of genetic variability of the three O. ramosa populations by PCR of RAPD markers confirmed that they may be considered as three distinct pathovars." (Brault & al., 2007). "Phylogenetic relationships" (Carlón & al., 2008: 12 f. 1). Relative taxa: Phelipanche schweinfurthii (Beck) Soják in Čas. Nár. Muz. Přir. 140: 130 (1972). Syn.: ≡ Orobanche schweinfurthii Beck (1890); ≡ Orobanche ramosa var. schweinfurthii (Beck) Hadidy (1995). Ind. loc.: "Aegyptus, ubi c. d. Schweinfurth prope Abu Sabel, locum versus marginem fluminis Nili Delta situm, detexit; Algier (leg. Bove in herb. Petrop. [LE])". Host: "Crescit ad radices Trifolii alexandrini L. plurimum in radice primaria accreta". Herbarium Specimens: 1. "Recd. 8/80 / Phelipaea ramosa L / Nş 262 var. Trifolii alexandrini / Abu Sabel. Kleefelde [cloverfield] / im Culturlande am oestlichen Rande des Deltas / (Aegypten [Egypt]) / 1 April 1880 ges von Dr. G. Schweinfurth". – 2. "Orobanche schweinfurthii Beck / type! [m. Beck]" (K 000425146 - http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000425146 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/90303.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019, syntype ["Exsiccatae. Schweinfurth, Pl. exsicc. Aegypt. (1880) n. 262!" (Beck 1930: 74)]); 1. "Auf Ammi Visnaga / fl. albo vel / lilacino / Recd. 8/80 / Nş 265 Phelipaea ramosa L / Tel el Tahudieh / im Culturlande am oestlichen Rande des Deltas / (Aegypten [Egypt]) / 1 April 1880 ges von Dr. G. Schweinfurth". – 2. "Orobanche schweinfurthii [m. Beck?]" (K 000425147 - http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000425147 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/90304.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019 (Beck 1930: 69, sub O. ramosa)); "Orobanche schweinfurthii G. Beck / Mittelägypten, Niltal, E-Ufer des Nils / unter der Necropolis Beni Hasan, ca / 20 km S von el-Minya, Sanddünen am / Nilufer, auf Trifolium alexandrinum / 9.4.1982 / leg, det: I. Weis & P. Pilsl" (Herb Pilsl Peter 004438 - https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=1328408; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019 [this taxon is very close to P. ramosa]). Chromosomatic number: n = 12, 2n = 24 (Palomeque & Sańudo 1981: 508; Schneeweiss & al. 2004: 441). Ic.: a, BM 000646204 The George Clifford Herbarium (lectotypus) [The Natural History Museum (accessed Sep 2005)]; b, habit [on Nicotiana tabacum L.; Pedro Ruiz, Spain]; c, herb. Sánchez Pedraja P. nana 10560 vs. P. ramosa 10956B et 10955B (ib.); d, MA 114735 (on Cannabis sativa L., Palazuelos, Spain); e, MA 294135 (Oltenia, Romania); f, (sub Orobanche ramosa L. [USDA] accessed Feb 2006 [p.p., the photographs taken by Luigi Rignanese are not P. ramosa, they correspond to P. mutelii and P. nana]); g, (sub Phelypaea ramosa (L.) C.A. Meyer. HYPPA [INRA-Dijon] accessed Feb 2006). Distribution: Distribution Maps (CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) [it is often confused with similar species (e.g., P. nana or P. aegyptiaca), for this reason its distribution needs to be revised]; Parker (Figure 8 World distribution of O. ramosa and O. aegyptiaca). Distribution (Domina & Raab-Straube, 2010). Iberian Peninsula distribution. |
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Specimens examined and literature records. Abyssinia / Abisinia / Abyssinie / Abessinien / Ethiopian Empire [Eritrea, Ethiopia] - Horn of Africa [Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia] (Reuter 1847: 8, sub Phelipaea ramosa; Beck 1890: 89, sub O. ramosa var. interrupta; Beck 1890: 91, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 80, sub O. mutelii var. interrupta sensu Beck [more research is required to clarify that this is true] "Herbarium
Runau / Orobanche
ramosa
L.
/
Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey.
/ Abyssinie
/ Hiea 21 [?] 1839 /
... Dillon
et Petit"
[Richard
Quartin-Dillon et Antoine Petit]"
(P
02970673 - hb. Drake; rev.
Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr
2013
(cf.));
"Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey.
/ Orobanche
ramosa
L.
/
Phelipaea
aegyptiaca Walp. /
Voyage de M.
Quartin-Dillon en Abyssinie.
Kiea [Hiea]
/ 10"
(P
02970729; rev.
Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr
2013
(cf.)); "Abyssiniâ
(Dillon
! in h. mus. Paris.)" (Reuter,
1847: 8, sub Phelipaea ramosa);
"Crescit
in arvis cultis Abyssinise, in planitie montosa provincial Chire
[Ch’īrē,
Oromia Region, Ethiopia],
et
prope Hiea (Quartin
Dillon)"
(Lefévre
& al. 1847-1851
in
Tentamen
Florae Abyssinicae);
"Orobanche
interrupta
Persoon,
Enchirid. II, p. 180 (1807) ... / ... In
territorio ... et Abessynia
... Abessynia (β. in territ. Bogos pr. Keren
[Cheren / Sanhit / Senhait,
Eritrea];
pr. Habab Nafka
[Nakfa, Northern
Red Sea, Eritrea]
[l. Hildebrandt nr. 511], aliis locis [l. Dill, et Petit nr. 238])" (Beck,
1890: 89-91,
sub
O.
ramosa var. interrupta);
"Eritrea:
Massaua [Massawa / Massaoua,
Northern
Red Sea]
(Ehrenberg),
Ha Masen auf dem Berge Bizen 2480 m im Jänner (A. Fiori in Herb.
Levier), nicht ganz typisch. —
Abessinien: nach Stapf in Th. Dyer, Fl. trop. Africa IV. 2. (1906) 465, bei Hiea
(Quartin-Dillon), nicht gesehen, wahrscheinlich zu
interrupta gehörig"
(Beck
1930: 69, sub O. ramosa);
"In der Kolonie
Eritrea: Bogos bei
Keren
[Cheren / Sanhit], Habab Nafko
[Nakfa,
Northern
Red Sea, Eritrea]
(circ.
16° nördl. Br.,
Hildebrandt!) [Eritrea Nile Land Habab,
Hildebrandt, 511, partly]. — Abessinien
(nach
Dillon et Petit n. 238). — Somaliland:
an der Taju ra-Bucht (nach Lord) [French Somaliland Nile Land Gulf of
Tajura, Lord!], im Meid [Maydh,
Sanaag] Serrut
Gebirge bei 1800 m, im April 1875 angeblich auf
Ficus sycomorus (Hildebrandt!)"
(Beck
1930: 80, sub
O.
mutelii
var. interrupta
sensu Beck);
"Ex
herb. A. de Franqueville.
Reca V.65 /
Phelipaea ramosa
/ ... / Shirch
Province, Tacazze Valley [Tekezé
River]. / Abyssinia
/
coll.
Note: The WAG herbarium specimens are not typical P. ramosa and they need to be revised: WAG 1141517, WAG 1141518, WAG 1141519, WAG 1141520, WAG 1141521, WAG 1141522, WAG 1141523, WAG 1141524, WAG 1141525, WAG 1141526, WAG 1141527, WAG 1141528, WAG 1141529, WAG 1141530. Afghanistan / Afganistán (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 6, sub O. ramosa; Parker & Wilson 1986 in CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) [n.v.] Kabul Province: "Afghania: E: Kabul: Farza S Istalif, 1850 m, Hdg. & Wdb. 3285!" (Schiman-Czeika 1964: 6, sub O. ramosa). Albania / Shqipëri / Shqipëria / Shqipnia (CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) Algeria / الجزائر/ Argelia / Algérie / Algerien (Greuter 1989: 262, sub O. ramosa subsp. ramosa; Abu-Irmaileh & Labrada 2017) [n.v.] "Orobanche ramosa is present in the east and west." (Abu-Irmaileh & Labrada 2017). Armenia / Hayastan / Armenien / Arménie / Әрмәнстан / Армения (Piwowarczyk & al. 2019: 46-47, f. 11 I, sub P. ramosa) Australia / Australie / Australien [unconfirmed] (Carlón & al. 2005: 66, sub P. mutelii; Barker & al. 2005, sub O. ramosa; Panetta & Lawes 2007, sub O. ramosa; APNI 657753 and O. ramosa in Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), accessed May 2018 [see P. mutelii]; O. ramosa in NSW WeedWise, accessed May 2018 [see P. mutelii] South Australia (SA): South Australia (Panetta & Lawes 2007); "Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) poses the greatest threat to Australian crops and is only known to occur as an isolated infestation in the Murray Bridge area of South Australia ... Photos WeedImages 151 6 and WeedImages 219 6 - Photographer: Anna Williams, Courtesy Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, SA" (O. ramosa in NSW WeedWise, accessed May 2018 [see P. mutelii]); photos 0846018 and DAFWA.jpg (O. ramosa in NSW WeedWise, accessed May 2018 [see P. mutelii]. Austria / Österreich / Autriche (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Aeschimann & al. 2004: 282, sub O. ramosa subsp. ramosa; Pusch 2009: 20, sub O. ramosa) Lower Austria / Niederösterreich: "Dr. C. Baenitz, Herbarium Europaeum. N.ş .... / Orobanche ramosa L. / Austri infer.: In radicibus Cannabis sat. [Cannabis sativa L.] ad Seitenstetten / 500 m / leg. Strasser" (P 04384581 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); 1. "Flora Exsiccata austro-Hungarica. / 911. Orobanche ramosa. / ... / I. Austria inferior. In radicibus Cannabis sativae in cultis ad Seitenstetten / copiose; 500 mt. s. m. / Strasser. / II. Hungaria centralis. Kalocsa, in radicibus Cannabis sativae. / Haynald.". – 2. "I" (PE 01476158; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019). Azerbaijan / Azərbaycan / Азәрбајҹан / Azerbaiyán / Aserbaidschan / Azerbaďdjan (Meyer 1831: 104, sub Phelipaea ramosa mihi; Ledebour 1849: 313, sub P. ramosa var. ramosa; Ledebour 1849: 313, loc. class. of Phelypaea ramosa var. grandiflora; Ledebour 1849: 313, loc. class. of Phelypaea ramosa var. crassipes; Karjagin 1957; CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) Lankaran-Astara Economic Region / Lənkəran-Astara iqtisadi rayonu / Ленкорань-Астаринский экономический район: "Frequens in campis inter Sallian et Lenkoran [Lankaran / Lənkəran] (Meyer 1831: 104, sub Phelipaea ramosa mihi); "inter Sallian et Lenkoran [Lankaran / Ленкорань] (C. A. Meyer), in tractu Suwant provinc. Talüsch [Zuvand / Zouvant, Talysh Mountains, Azerbaijan (Zuvand, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran)]! (Hohenack.)" (Ledebour 1849: 313, sub Phelipaea ramosa var. ramosa); "in provinciis caucasicis [in tractu Suwant provinc. Talüsch ! [Zuvand / Zouvant, Talysh Mountains, Azerbaijan (Zuvand, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran)] (Hohenack.)" (Ledebour 1849: 313, loc. class. of Phelypaea ramosa var. crassipes). Nagorno-Karabakh / Artsakh / Dağlıq Qarabağ / Нагорный Карабах: Orobanche ramosa L., Regio autonoma Karabakh, Legnt.: V.A. et I.P. Petrov (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0717071 - MW 0717071.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2018 [cf.]). Shusha District: "in provinciis caucassicis [provinc. Karabagh pr. Schuscha! (Hohenack.)]" (Ledebour 1849: 313, loc. class. of Phelypaea ramosa var. grandiflora). Belarus / Беларусь / Белоруссия / Bielorrusia / Biélorussie / Weißrussland (CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) Belgique / Belgium / België / Bélgica / Belgien (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Verloove 2019, sub P. ramosa in Manual of the Alien Plants of Belgium, accessed May 2019) Flemish Region / Vlaams Gewest / Flanders / Flandre / Flandes / Flamande Limburg: "Herbier E. G. Camus / Herbier Alphonse Lunet / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / 1. Cortessem [Kortessem] (Belgique) / n.ş 174 exsicc. van heurck / legit van den Born. dedit B. Bailliere / ..." (P 04215450; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Oost-Vlaanderen / East Flanders / Flandre-Orientale / Ostflandern: "Nş 148 Kickxia Belgica, par A. Thielens et A. Devos.— Cent. II, 1866. / ... / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Meyer ... / ... Parasite sur le Chanvre (Cannabis sativa L.) / Environs de Termonde [Dendermonde] (Flandre Orient.). / Aoűt 1866. / Dr. Westendorp" (P 04215452; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012); idem (PE 01476167; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019); "Ex Herb. Arm. Thielens. / Tirlemont (Belgium). // Herbier Cap. Lenars / A Anvers. / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey / Grembergen L Termonde [Grembergen-lez-Termonde / Grembergen near Dendermonde] / ... 63 [1863]" (P 04242443; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Bosnia and Herzegovina / Bosnia y Herzegovina / Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина [unconfirmed] Bosnian Podrinje Canton: "Gorazde, Bosnai Heceqovina", 43°40′N 18°59′E (Kreutz 1995: 4, sub O. ramosa [Pujadas 2002: 361, sub O. nana!]). Britain / Great Britain / Gran Bretańa / Großbritannien / Grande-Bretagne [United Kingdom] (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Rumsey & Jury 1991: 260 "extinct in the British Isles. Formerly parasitic on Cannabis sativa ... East Anglia", 275 f. 1A!, 278 f. 4A!, f. 8 "Distribution"); Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa), Kew Gardens, London ("Esta foto se tomó el 22 de junio, 2010 en Kew, Richmond, Inglaterra") [leg. Tiggrx] (accessed Aug 2010). Bulgaria / България / Bulgarie / Bulgarien (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Stoyanov 2003 [2009]: 12-13, t. 5, a [photo!]). Blagoevgrad Province / област Благоевград / oblast Blagoevgrad / Благоевградска област / Blagoevgradska oblast / Pirin Macedonia: "... (auf Nicotiana tabacum) oberhalb Sandanski, Pirin" (Uhlich & al. 1995: 109, Abb. 104!, sub O. ramosa L.). Fejér: "Herbarium J. Bognár / Plantae Hungariae Exsiccatae / Orobanche ramosa L. / In agris arenosis ad marginem / viam publicam pro. pag. Dinnyés / 28.09.1999 917." (hb. J. Bognár 917; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Chile (Kogan 1994: 599, sub O. ramosa; INIA 2016.08.23; CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) Santiago Metropolitan Region: "O. ramosa is more widely spread in the Metropolitan Region (32ş lat S) ... the most common host is tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. [Solanum lycopersicum L.] ... potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ..." (Kogan 1994: 599-600, sub O. ramosa). Coquimbo Region (INIA 2016.08.23 [it needs to be confirmed (see P. aegyptiaca)]) "La presencia de Orobanche en Chile tiene amplia distribución, desde la región de Coquimbo hasta la Araucanía. En la provincia de Limarí es primera vez que se aprecia esta maleza en cultivos de pepino dulce [Solanum muricatum Aiton]. Este parásito también ataca a otros cultivos de la familia solanacea como tomate [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanum lycopersicum L.), berenjena [Solanum melongena L.], papa [Solanum tuberosum L.] y tabaco [Nicotiana tabacum L.]; y con menor intensidad aparece en apio, maravilla y lechuga" (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), accessed May 2017). China / Chine / 中华人民共和国 (Zhang & Tzvelev 1998 [unmentioned]; CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) [n.v.] Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region / 新疆维吾尔自治区 / Xinjiang (XUAR) / Shinjang / Xīnjiāng / Sinkiang / Chinese Turkestan (Wang 1990 [introduced] in CABI 37747). Cuba (Cook & Horne 1905; Bruner 1940; Labrada 1994: 604, sub O. ramosa, "the major pests on tobacco in the central provinces of Cuba ... introduced into Cuba with imported crop seeds from europe early this century (Acuńa, 1970, pers. comm.); Alfonso Hernández & Valerino Díaz 2007) "Herbarium de Cuba / Estación Central Agronomica / No. 4518 / Orobanche / On tabacco [Nicotiana tabacum L.] / Santiago de las Vegas [Santiago de Compostela de las Vegas, Boyeros] / Col. Alearca [?] Fecha Feb. 6\05 [1905?] / Provincia de la Habana [Havana]" (CLF 231927; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2017); "Havana province ... Villa Clara, santi Spiritus and Ciego de Ávila" ... Holguin province" (Labrada, 1994: 605, f. 1, sub O. ramosa); "estación Experimental Agronómica de Santiago de las Vegas ... una planta parásita que crecía de las raíces del tabaco en la finca del Sr. Miguel Díaz, ubicada a corta distancia de Santiago de las Vegas (Cook & Horne, 1905) ... La "yerba sosa" es una planta fanerógama, de hábitos exclusivamente parasíticos, que en algunas localidades de Cuba constituye una plaga de las vegas ... el dueńo de la finca Siguaney de Zaza del Medio [Sancti Spíritus Province], Sr. Joaquín Rodríguez Llorente remitía una planta de tabaco atacada por una planta desconocida en la zona, contestándole el Dr. Bruner que se trataba de O. ramosa" (Bruner, 1940) ... hay que destacar que si en Cuba en 1965 se seńalaba que 191.70 millones de plantas de tabaco habían sido dańadas por orobanche ... El problema abarca en nuestros días extensas áreas de tabaco negro cultivado a la sombra con destino a capa, y al sol en las provincias de Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Ávila y La Habana. En las provincias de Pinar del Río y Cienfuegos se encuentran en áreas muy localizadas y de menor cuantía" (Alfonso Hernández & Valerino Díaz 2007). Cyprus / Κύπρος / Kýpros / Kıbrıs / Chipre / Zypern Limassol District / Λεμεσός: "Herbarium Universitatis Mosquensis (MW) / Orobanche ramosa L. / ... / Cyprus, Division 3 of Meikle 1977, / Limassol, Potamos Yermasoyias, / flower-bed of the restaurant / Кипр, Район 3 (по Meikle, 1977), / г. Лимасол, район Ермасойя, / левый берег р. Ермасойя в ее нижнем течении, / цветочная клумба у ресторана. / Coll. A. Seregin, D. Sokoloff, M. Remizova / Собр. А. Серегин, Д. Соколов, М. Ремизова / 8.03.2004 № A-100 / Atlas florae europaeae: 36-S-WD2 [Asia]" (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0747837 - MW 0747837.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jun 2018). Czech Republic / República Checa / Česká republika (Zázvorka 2000: 481-484, t. 78 f. 3; Pusch 2009: 20, sub O. ramosa) Djibouti / Yibuti / Dschibuti (see Abyssinia) [unconfirmed] (Plants of the World online 662640-1, accessed May 2019) "an der Taju ra-Bucht (nach Lord) [French Somaliland Nile Land Gulf of Tajura, Lord!]" (Beck 1930: 80, sub O. mutelii var. interrupta). Egypt / مصر / Egipto / Ägypten (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 69, sub O. ramosa; Greuter 1989: 262, sub O. ramosa subsp. ramosa; Boulos 2002: 87-88, sub O. ramosa var. ramosa) Alexandria Governorate: "Alexandria ... (Schweinfurth)" (Beck 1930: 69, sub O. ramosa). Cairo Governorate: "Ägypten: ... Cairo ... (Schweinfurth)" (Beck 1930: 69, sub O. ramosa). Gharbia Governorate: 1. "Auf Ammi Visnaga / fl. albo vel / lilacino / Recd. 8/80 / Nş 265 Phelipaea ramosa L / Tel el Tahudieh / im Culturlande am oestlichen Rande des Deltas / (Aegypten [Egypt]) / 1 April 1880 ges von Dr. G. Schweinfurth". – 2. "Orobanche schweinfurthii [m. Beck?]" (K 000425147 - http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/90304.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019 [see Phelipanche schweinfurthii]); "Ägypten: Tel el Tahudieh [Tell el Yehudiye / Tell el-Yahudiya / Leontopolis [?], southeast of Sebennytos, located on the Damietta (Sebennytic) branch of the Nile in the Delta] (Onion)..." (Beck 1930: 69, sub O. ramosa). Minya Governorate: "Orobanche schweinfurthii G. Beck / Mittelägypten, Niltal, E-Ufer des Nils / unter der Necropolis Beni Hasan, ca / 20 km S von el-Minya, Sanddünen am / Nilufer, auf Trifolium alexandrinum / 9.4.1982 / leg, det: I. Weis & P. Pilsl" (Herb Pilsl Peter 004438 - https://herbarium.univie.ac.at/database/detail.php?ID=1328408; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019 [Phelipanche schweinfurthii is very close to P. ramosa]). Qalyubia Governorate: "Desert Institute Expedition / to Nubia / December 1963 - February 1964 / Orobanche ramosa L. / on Solanum lycopersicum L. / 1-4 km A Banha [Benha], Ballana / 12.1.1964 / Leg. Loutfy Boulos" (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/U.1470941 - U 1470941.jpg; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019). Qena Governorate: "Ägypten: ... Keneh [Qena / Kaine / Caene] (Schweinfurth)" (Beck 1930: 69, sub O. ramosa). Unknown locations: 1. "Orobanche ramosa / Voyage de M. Quartin-Dillon en Abyssinie. Egypte". – 2. "Orobanche / ... / entre Suant et Quirv [?] / 29 mars 1839" (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p02970678 - P 02970678.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/437440627; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2015); "Phelypaea Delilei / Egypte: Ramlé [Ramla / Ramleh] - champs de trčfle / ... / Leg. R. Maire" (https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2814863 - L 2814863.jpg - https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2514573268; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Jul 2021 [P. ramosa only specimens with small flowers and P. aegyptiaca specimens with big flowers]). Eritrea / Érythrée (see Abyssinia) Abessynia (β. in territ. Bogos pr. Keren [Cheren / Sanhit / Senhait]; pr. Habab Nafka [Nakfa, Northern Red Sea] [l. Hildebrandt nr. 511], aliis locis [l. Dill, et Petit nr. 238])" (Beck 1890: 89-91, sub O. ramosa var. interrupta). Estonia / Estland / Eesti / Эстони Tartu County / Tartu maakond: "Herbarium Musei Botanici Universitatis Tartuensis / Herbarium Generale / Orobanche ramosa L. / Tartu Botaanikaaias . Cannabis sativa L. / 6 oct. 1925 / leg.-det. K. Eichwald" (TU 301921 [Tiina Samson 482713]; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Dec 2017). Ethiopia / Etiopía / Éthiopie / Äthiopien (see Abyssinia) Oromia Region: "Crescit in arvis cultis Abyssinise, in planitie montosa provincial Chire [Ch’īrē], et prope Hiea (Quartin Dillon)" (Lefévre & al. 1847-1851 in Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae). France / Francia / Frankreich (Lapeyrouse 1813: 359-360; Duby 1828: 349; Companyo 1864: 512, sub P. ramosa; Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Noulet 1837; Greuter 1989: 262, sub O. ramosa subsp. ramosa; Aeschimann & al. 2004: 282, sub O. ramosa subsp. ramosa; Gibot-Leclerc & al. 2012, on Brassica napus L.; P. ramosa in Tela Botanica; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013 [none of these photos seem to correspond to P. ramosa s. str., all of them are P. nana ("Thémines (46)", "Lastours (11)", "Saint-Ferriol (11) and "Signes (83)" photos by Mathieu Menand and Robert Leras) except the "Le Rozier (48) / 30 mai 2009 / Photo n° 23384 by Mathieu Menand" which corresponds to P. inexspectata, the "ŕ Haría - Las Palmas [Espagne] by Benoit Bock" which correspond to P. gratiosa and the "Alcaucín - Malaga [Espagne]" and "Águilas - Murcia [Espagne]" which correspond to P. mutelii. Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes [Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes] Ain (01): "ST. Dans les terres cultivées et presque toujours dans les chanvres [Cannabis sativa L.]" (Balbis 1827: 543, sub O. ramosa); "Société dauphinoise. / N.ş 906. Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Meyer /... / Crottet (Ain): champs sablonneux sur les racines / du Cannabis sativa / Aoűt-septembre 1875. F. Lacroix." (P 03944893; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012); idem (P 04215475; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012); "Phelipaea Muteli Reuter / Ain: Loyettes, cultures, sur colza [Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae)] / Juin 1925 Miélleous [?]" (PE 01476162; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019); "Port-Galland ŕ Loyettes ... Orobanche ramosa L. est signalé dans ce secteur en 1925" (Fraysse & Granger, 1997, sub O. ramosa). Haute-Savoie (74): "Société Rochelaise, 1881. / Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Meyer. / Chenevičres [Cannabis sativa L.] humides, ŕ Domancy (Haute-Savoie). / 23 Aoűt 1881 / AE. Boullu, ŕ Lyon (Rhône)" (P 04409223; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012); idem (P 03944894; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012); L. Chevallier, Précigné // Société Rochelaise, 1881. / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Meyer. / idem (P 03996070; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Isčre (38): "Herbier L. Chevallier, Précigné (Sarthe) / Phelipaea ramosa A. Mey. / Isčre: Le Touvet, sur les / tabacs [Nicotiana tabacum L.] / 7 bre 1899 ..." (P 03996068; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Herbier E.G. Camus / Phelipaea ramosa / sur tabac [N. tabacum L.] / Les Aveničres / 8 Septembre 1910 Isčre / leg. Eugčne Hautreux" (P 04242786 - hb. Camus; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Loire (42): "Phelipaea ramosa C.A. M. / Loire / Veauche in arenosis, ad radices Cannabinis [Cannabis sativa L.]. 8 . 83[1883]" (P 04394028; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012). Savoie (73): "F. Schultz, herbarium normales, nov. ser. Cent. 15. / 1441. Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. ... / ... Aoűt. / Ad radices Cannabis sativi [Cannabis sativa L.]. Chambéry. Savoie. / Rec. Bonjean." (P 04384579; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2016). Cote d'Or (21): "Société Dauphinoise, 2ş série, 1891 / Nş 408. Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. ... / ... / Soc. dauph. 1 sér. nş 906. Plombičres-les-Dijon [N 47° 20' 0'' E 4° 58' 0''] (Côte-d'Or): chenevičres [chčnevičre / canebičre is a hemp field (chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.]) in the south of France] des bords de l'Ouche. / Juillet 1890. / Leg. Noël Garnier. Ad. Pellat." (MPU; rev. L. Carlón & Ó. Sánchez Pedraja 2006-2007); idem (P 04242788 - hb. Th. Delacour; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); idem (P 03996072; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr. 2013); idem (P 04242785; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Saône-et-Loire (71): "Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / Montceau-les-Mines: Dans un champ de Chambre [Cannabis sativa L.] / ŕ Galuzot 13 aoűt 1906 / P. Porte" (P 04242427; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja, Sept 2012); "Phelipaea ramosa / Chenevičres [Cannabis sativa L.] ŕ Raconnay / Gergy Saône-et-Loire / 13 aoűt 1879!" (P 04242761 - hb. Th. Delacour; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Cher (18): "N.ş 20783 / Phelipaea ramosa / Parterres de Herny, sur les Ginnia[?] Cher / 1 Nov. 1875 / Mouillefarine" (P 04242760; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Indre-et-Loire (37): "Orobanche Ramosa L. / Env. de Bourgueil / Leg. J. Caquere[?]" (P 04384563 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2016). Loir-et-Cher (41): "Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / ... 17 aoűt 1872. Rounis du / chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] dans ... / (Loir-et-Cher) ..." (P 04242436; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Flore des environs de Romorantin / (Loir-et-Cher) / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / Orobanche ramosa L. / 17 aoűt 1866 / Sur les racines du Cannabis sativa / au grand village, Cme de Pruniers [Pruniers-en-Sologne] / par Em. Martin" (P 04242781; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Herb. E. Martin / Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Mey / Cne des Pruniers / par les Risuloux / Sans date / ..." (P 04242763; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Phelipaea albiflora / Cour Cheverny / mon jardin" (P 04384565 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2016). Corse / Corsica / Córcega (Jeanmonod & Habashi 2008: 95-97, "qu'il doit actuaellement considéré comme disparu", sub P. ramosa) "signalée sur Cannabis sativa L. ... ŕ Bastia et aux environs (Salis-Marschlins (1834)" (Jeanmonod & Habashi 2008: 96, sub P. ramosa). Grand Est [Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine] Bas-Rhin / Unterelsŕss (67): "Flora Galliae et Germaniae exsiccata de C. Billot / 60. Orobanche ramosa L. ... / 18 septembre 1845 / Parasite sur le chambre [Cannabis sativa L.], ŕ Drusenheim (Bas-Rhin). / Rec. par E. et C. Billot." (P 04384580 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2016); "Herbier E. G. Camus / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / Orobanche ramosa L. / ... / Sur le chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] Soufflenheim [Sufflenheim] (Bas-Rhin) / 68-87-1-31 herb. Kralik" (P 04215450; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Vosges (88): "Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Meyer / Orobanche ramosa L. / Sur des racines de Cannabis sativa / (FR-88) / Villars, prčs Neufchâteau / 28 Aoűt 1864 / ..." (P 06903013; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Essonne (91): "Herbier E. G. Camus 2144 / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / 19 juillet 1846 / Marcoussis / Legit Cintrael" (P 04242428 - hb. E.G. & A. Camus; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sept 2012); "Herbier E. G. Camus / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / Marcoussis / 23 juillet 1848 / Legit Cintrait // E. G. Camus" (P 04242784 - hb. E.G. & A. Camus; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Herbier Th. Delacour / Phelippea ramosa / hort. Vilmon a Verričres [Verričres-le-Buisson (Seine-et-Oise)] [?] / ... 1863 / ... " (P 04215477; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012); "Herb. M. G. Eugčne / 2.627 / Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / ... / Marcoussis, parasite du sur le chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] / juin Bouch" (P 04242789; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Seine-et-Marne (77): "Reliquiae Mailleanae / 1484. Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / Coss. / Champs, Marmant prčs Melun, / Seine-et-Marne / Coll. Guilloteaux, 20 Aoűt 1847" (P 04242762; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); idem (P 04384569 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2016); "Environs de Provins, / Phelipaea ramosa Coss. & Germ. / Poigny, chenevičres [Cannabis sativa L.] / Collect. 13 Aoűt 1861 / Herbier Ed. Bouteiller" (P 04242429; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012). Calvados (14): "Herb. E. Cosson, 18 / Orobanche ramosa / Falaise / Collect. 15 [?] 1843 DD." (P 04384601 - hb. E. Cosson - Durand; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "L. Chevallier, Précigné / Phelippaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / Falaise" (P 03996071; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Aquitaine / Aquitania-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes] Charente-Maritime (17): "The seeds were collected in 1999 from natural populations of P. ramosa that had severely infested fields of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. Brassicaceae) in Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers (Latitude 45,9333; Longitude −0.3667; Charente-Maritime, France)." (Gibot-Leclerc & al., 2012, on Brassica napus L. [the habit of these specimens is different from the typical one. It is similar to PE 01476162 (Ain), also on Brassica]). Deux-Sčvres (79): "479 Herbier Grelet .... (Orobanche ramosa L.) / Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Meyer / Vançais (D.-S.) jardin de la erme[?] / parasite sur les racines des tomates [Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.] 10 juillet 1874" (P 04242769; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Herbier L. Grelet / Nş 2312 ... / Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Meyer / Orobanche ramosa L. / Les Fosses (Deux-Sčvres) lieux cultivés / juin 1897" (P 04242768; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Dordogne (24): "2385 / ... / Phelypaea ramosa C.A. Mey. / 8 Septembre 1950 / Champs de tabac [Nicotiana tabacum L.] / Le Buisson [Le Buisson-de-Cadouin] (Dordogne)" (P 00598738 - hb. H. Bouby; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2016). Lot-et-Garonne / Ňlt e Garona (47): "Exsicc. Ch. Duffour / 192. Phelipaea ramosa C.A. Mey. ... / ... Orobanche ramosa L. ... / Lot-et-Garonne: Aiguillon; parasite sur le tabac [Nicotiana tabacum L.] / 7 septembre 1911. Jeanjean // Herbier - L. Segrel" (P 04242434; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Société Française, 1934 / Exsicc. Ch. Duffour / 7260.— Orobanche ramosa L. / Lot-et-Garonne: Aiguillon; parasite sur le tabac [N. tabacum L.] / Septembre 1930. Jeanjean" (P 04409227; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Occitanie / Occitŕnia [Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées] Haute-Garonne (31): "H. Les champs sur les racines de chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] et de tabac [Nicotiana tabacum L.]. C. Toulouse: dans les cultures de tabac, entre l'emboucure du Canal du Midi et le port de Blagnac" (Noulet, 1837: 490, sub O. ramosa L.). Lot / Ňlt (46): "3302 / Herbier de M. Bournérias / Phelypaea ramosa (L.) C.A. Mey. / champs de Tabac [Nicotiana tabacum L.] ... / Les Masseries (Lot) / 8 .48 [1948]" (P 04409222; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Sep 2012). Lozčre (48) [unconfirmed]: "Le Rozier (48) / 30 mai 2009 / Photo n° 23384 by Mathieu Menand" (sub P. ramosa in Tela Botanica; accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013 [it corresponds to P. inexspectata]). Pyrénées-Orientales / Eastern Pyrenees / Pirineus Orientals / Pirenčus Orientals / Pirineos Orientales (66): "Habite toutes les vallées oú le chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] est cultivé" (Companyo 1864: 512, sub P. ramosa). Maine-et-Loire (49): "Flora selecta exsiccata / publié par Ch. Magnier. / 639.— Phelypaea ramosa (L.) C.A. Mey., en pl. cauc. 104; / G. et G. 2, p. 627.— / O. ramosa L. Sp. 882. / Maine-et-Loire: Corné, ŕ la Croix-Blanche. Parasite du / Chanvre [Cannabis sativa L.] / 14 aoűt 1884. E. Préaubert." (P 04242430 - hb. E.G. & A. Camus; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); idem (P 04384570 - hb. E. Drake; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2016). Alpes-Maritimes (06): "Flora of France / Collected by Kai Larsen / S.S. Larsen / 40214 ... Orobanche ramosa L. / ... Alpes Maritimes. Contes N of Nices / Alt. 1200 m. 6 May 1988" (IBSC 0547821; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019 [it corresponds to P. rosmarina]); "06 = Alpes-Maritimes" (Aeschimann & al. 2004: 282, sub O. ramosa subsp. ramosa). N. B. Lapeyrouse, Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 359-360. 1813, "Abondamment dans les récoltes de tabac, qu'elle détruit ... du chanvre et du tabac"; Duby, Bot. Gall.: 349. 1828, "in agris parasitica Cannabi sativae". Brault & al., 2007, "The dramatic spread of root holoparasite Orobanche ramosa L. (branched broomrape) has been observed in the last few years in France in fields of Brassica napus L., Nicotiana tabacum L., and Cannabis sativa L. ... These results led to the concept of host specificity and suggestions about the existence of three different pathovars in O. ramosa. Analysis of genetic variability of the three O. ramosa populations by PCR of RAPD markers confirmed that they may be considered as three distinct pathovars." Georgia / Sakartvelo / Georgien / Géorgie / Грузия (Ledebour 1849: 313, sub Phelipaea ramosa var. ramosa; Koch 1849: 660, sub Phelipaea ramosa; Gagnidze 2005; O. ramosa in Tarkhnishvili & Chaladze (eds.). 2013. Georgian biodiversity database, accessed May 2019) "inque provinciis caucasicis [in promontor. septentrionali (M. a Bieb.), ad fl. Terek [Terek river] (Güldenst.), in Iberia [Caucasus]! (Eichw., Wilhelms pl. exs. [see P. longiflora C.A. Mey.]), Kachetia [Kakheti / Кахетия] ! Somchetia [Somkhiti / Somjetia / Сомхити, Armenia] et Mingrelia [Мегрелия] (Eichw.), Guria [Гурия]! (Nordmann pl. exs.)..." (Ledebour 1849: 313, sub Phelipaea ramosa var. ramosa); "In Ciskaukasien auf tertiärem Boden, 800—1200' hoch" (Koch 1849: 660, sub Phelipaea ramosa). Germany / Deutschland / Alemania / Allemagne (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa; Pusch 2009: 20, sub O. ramosa) "Germania (ubique in provinciis mediis et australibus ad ex. prope Stuttgart, Mainz, Zweibrücken, Heidelberg, Carlsruhe, Jena, Halle, Brandenburg, in Silesia, Bavaria etc.);"; "A? [Archäophyt] ... AV [nördliches Alpenvorland], M1 [Süddeutsches Schichtstufenland (mit Oberrhein-System)], M2 [Zentraleuropäische Mittelgebirgsschwelle], F [Norddeutsches Flachland] ... Tabak [Nicotiana tabacum L.], Hanf [Cannabis sativa L.], Tomate [Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.] u.a. Solanaceae" (Haeupler & Muer, 2000: 449, f. 2477!); "Sehr selten Oberrheinebene; nur Altfunde Osten, Bayern, Franken, Z-Pfalz, Kölner Bucht, Münsterland" (Hassler & Schmitt 2009, photos!); "Orobanche ramosa Ästige..." (Botanik-Fotos.de, accessed Jan 2010). Märkisch-Oderland: "Orobanche ramosa L. / 18.8.54 / Wriezen / Schäde" (AMD 84211; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019). North Rhine-Westphalia / Renania del Norte-Westphalia Cologne / Colonia: "Ex herb. C. Scheppig, Berlin / Orobanche ramosa L. / op Cannabis sativa / In horto colui / leg. C. Scheppig / 1884" (AMD 84203; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2019); "Orobanche ramosa L. / Keimlinge / In horto colui / leg. C. Scheppig / 1886" (AMD 84209; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019); "Orobanche ramosa L. / In horto colui / leg. C. Scheppig / 1891" (AMD 84208; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019). Unknown locations: "O. ramosa L. / Beck [m. Beck] // 224. W. [Herbarium Willdenow]" (B-W 11605-01 0; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2017); idem // 226[?]. W. [Herbarium Willdenow] (B-W 11605-03 0; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2017); 1. "Orobanche ramosa L. / In radice Nicotianae rusticae. / Auf ... ( ... 1845). verte!". – 2. "Herbarium viri doctis W.D.J. Koch documentale et normale / (Prof. Erlang.) / ad alliuus opus c.t. (+1849) / Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae / Orobanche ramosa L. / c. dupl. / acq. ... Suringar 1865" (L 2816940; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019). Greece / Grecia / Ελλάδα / Hellas [unconfirmed (see P. nana)] Eastern Macedonia and Thrace / Ανατολική Μακεδονία και Θράκη Evros / Περιφερειακή ενότητα Έβρου: "34. Orobanche ramosa L. Gr Samothraki [Samothrace / Σαμοθράκη]: S of Chora, walled cemetery with old trees, on basalt/porphyr, 280 m, 40°28'48"N, 25°31'32"E, 04.05.2010, Biel 10.135. Recorded from Limnos. Other localities were noted near Alonia, Kato Kariotis, Therma and Xiropotamos. Det. H. Uhlich, June 2010." (Biel & Tan 2012: 74, sub O. ramosa). Gibraltar [British Overseas Territory] (Iberian Peninsula) [unconfirmed] Orobanche ramosa L., "Common and widespread throughout the Rock [Rock of Gibraltar / El Peńón de Gibraltar]. Grows in clearings and waysides" (Flora of Gibraltar, accessed et rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2017, all them seem to correspond to P. nana and are parasitizing wild species [apparently parasitizing Oxalis pes-caprae L. (typical plant-host)]). Hungary / Magyarország / Hungría / Hongrie / Ungarn (Beck 1890: 90, sub O. ramosa; Beck 1930: 68, sub O. ramosa) Pest County: "Flora Hungarica / L. Chevallier, Précigné / Orobanche ramosa L. / Pestins in Rakos, ad Üllői / Csárda. In Cannabis sativa / 1876, jul. leg. A. ..." (P 03996066; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013); "Flora Hungarica / Orobanche ramosa L. / Locus: Budapest Rakos arenaria / Substratum Cannabis sativa / 1876 die July Leg. Richter" (P 03996067; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja Apr 2013). Southern Great Plain / Dél-Alföld Bács-Kiskun County: 1. "Flora Exsiccata austro-Hungarica. / 911. Orobanche ramosa. / ... / I. Austria inferior. In radicibus Cannabis sativae in cultis ad Seitenstetten / copiose; 500 mt. s. m. / Strasser. / II. Hungaria centralis. Kalocsa, in radicibus Cannabis sativae. / Haynald.". – 2. "II" (PE 01476157; rev. Ó. Sánchez Pedraja May 2019). India / Indien / Индия / 印度 (CABI 37747, accessed Apr 2019) "In a survey conducted in Churu and Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan and Mahendragarh, Haryana, India, rapeseed mustard crop was found to be heavily infested with Orobanche ramosa (10-90% infection)" (Sharma & al. 2007, sub O. ramosa). Photos by Nidhan Singh and photos by J.M.Garg in efloraofindia O. aegyptiaca |
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